Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verseQuayle, Thomas
History
Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verse
Quayle, Thomas
English language -- Diction; English poetry -- 18th century -- History and criticism
The varieties or embellishments of poetical diction, which have just
been characterized, represent the special language of eighteenth
century poetry, as distinct from that large portion of language which
is common alike to prose and poetry. For it is scarcely necessary
to remind ourselves that by far the largest portion of the poetry of
the eighteenth century (as indeed of any century) is written in the
latter sort of language, which depends for its effects mainly upon the
arrangement of the words, rather than for any unique power in the words
themselves. In this kind of poetical diction, it is not too much to say
that the eighteenth century is pre-eminent, though the effect of the
Wordsworthian criticism has led to a certain failure or indisposition to
recognize the fact. Just as Johnson and his contemporaries do not give
direct expression to any approval of the admirable language, of which
Pope and some of his predecessors had such perfect command, so modern
criticism has not always been willing to grant it even bare justice,
though Coleridge’s penetrating insight had enabled him, as we have seen,
to pay his tribute to “the almost faultless position and choice of words,
in Mr. Pope’s _original_ compositions, particularly in his Satires and
Moral Essays.” It was, we may imagine, the ordinary everyday language,
heightened by brilliance and point, in which Pope and his coterie carried
on their dallyings and bickerings at Twickenham and elsewhere, and it was
an ideal vehicle, lucid and precise for the argument and declamation it
had to sustain. But it was more than that, as will be readily recognized
if we care to recall some of the oft-quoted lines which amply prove
with what consummate skill Pope, despite the economy and condensation
imposed by the requirements of the closed couplet, could evoke from this
plain and unadorned diction effects of imagination and sometimes even of
passion. Such lines as
He stooped to Truth and moralised his song,
or
In lazy apathy let stoics boast
Their virtue fixed: ’tis fixed as in a frost,
or
In Folly’s cup still laughs the bubble joy,
and dozens similar, show the lucidity, energy, and imaginative
picturesqueness with which Pope could endow his diction when the occasion
required it.[256] Such language is the “real language of men”; nearly
every word would satisfy the Wordsworthian canon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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