Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verseQuayle, Thomas
History
Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verse
Quayle, Thomas
English language -- Diction; English poetry -- 18th century -- History and criticism
And in its larger sense as well the language of poetry is made up
inevitably of symbols—of symbols for things in terms of other things,
for things in terms of feelings, for feelings in terms of things. It is
the language not of objects, but of the complex relations of objects.
And the agency that moulds it is the ceaselessly active power that is
special to poetry only in degree—_imagination_—that fuses the familiar
and the strange, the thing I feel and the thing I see, the world within
and the world without, into a _tertium quid_, that interprets both.” The
eighteenth century was not perhaps so emphatically and entirely the “age
of prose and reason” as is sometimes thought, but it could scarcely be
called the “age of imagination,” and poetry, in its highest sense (“high
poetry,” as Maeterlinck would call it), being of imagination all compact,
found no abiding place there.
Most words, we may say, potentially possess at least two or more
significations, their connotative scope varying according to the
knowledge or culture of the speaker or reader. First of all, there is
the logical, their plain workaday use, we might call it; and next, and
above and beyond all this, they have, so to speak, an exciting force,
a power of stimulating and reviving in the mind and memory all the
associations that cluster around them. Nearly all words carry with them,
in vastly varying degrees, of course, this power of evocation, so that
even commonplace terms, words, and phrases hackneyed and worn thin by
unceasing usage, may suddenly be invested with a strange and beautiful
suggestiveness when they are pressed into the service of the highest
poetic imagination. And in the same way the æsthetic appeal of words of
great potential value is reinforced and strengthened, when in virtue of
their context, or even merely of the word or words to which they are
attached, they are afforded a unique opportunity of flashing forth and
bringing into play all the mysterious powers and associations gathered to
themselves during a long employment in prose and verse, or on the lips of
the people:
All the charm of all the muses
often flowering in a lonely word.
Poetry of the highest value and appeal may be, and often is, as we know
from concrete examples that flash into the mind, written in commonplace,
everyday terms, and we ask ourselves how it is done.[264] There are the
mysterious words of the dying Hamlet:
The rest is silence,
or the line quoted by Matthew Arnold[265] as an instance when
Wordsworth’s practice is to be found illustrating his theories:
And never lifted up a single stone,
or the wonderful lines which seem to bring with them a waking vision of
the beauty of the English countryside, radiant with the promise of Spring:
daffodils,
That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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