Indians of North America -- Medicine; Pomo Indians; Shamans
Every one shouted: “These are the two we suspected; we have them
now.” Some wanted to kill them immediately with clubs, others
wanted to burn them alive, but the captain restrained them and
insisted upon first questioning the bear doctors. They finally
confessed to the murders, and took the hunters to their hiding
place. Here they exposed their entire secret and told all the
details of their work: how they dug the cavern, how they made
the ceremonial outfits, and how they killed people. The hunters
then stripped the bear doctors and took them, together with all
their paraphernalia, and the property they had stolen, back to the
village, placed them in their own house, tied them securely, and
set fire to the house. Thus ended the bear doctors. That is how the
knowledge of this magic was acquired. It has been handed down to
us by the teaching of these secrets to novices by the older bear
doctors ever since.[13]
ACQUISITION OF POWER
Even as late as the closing years of the nineteenth century many of
the Pomo were convinced that bear doctors were still active; this in
spite of the fact that the whites had at that time long possessed
complete control of the entire region, and had succeeded, purposely
or otherwise, in suppressing most of the aboriginal practices of the
Indians. Evidently the belief was a deeply rooted one in the native
mind. On the other hand, since the nefariousness of the alleged
practices would cause them to be carefully concealed, there are now
some Pomo skeptics who maintain that bear doctors never existed.
Both men and women of middle or old age could become bear doctors,
the same name[14] being applied to both. In fact, it is said that
women sometimes made very successful bear doctors; even a woman so old
and feeble that she could hardly walk would acquire great powers of
endurance and swiftness through this magic.
It is said that a bear doctor always learned from an old person who
was or had been one. The training for both men and women was precisely
the same and they were on a par in every way. A female bear doctor
could not operate during her menstrual period, but a male bear doctor
was similarly restricted by the menstrual periods of both his wife and
his female assistant or the other female members of his household. He
was even prohibited from going near his bear hiding-place during his
wife’s menstruation. The periods of other members of his household also
restricted him.[15]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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