The Kioto is a faience of a weaker body than the Satsuma, and running more to a lemon-yellow. Its decoration is marked by a certain delicacy which in small articles is good, but which in large ones lacks strength. Shimzi, of Kioto, had a case of good pieces. Meyagama, of Yokohama, had some delightful porcelain vases, decorated in relief with butterflies, plants, etc., which, it is satisfactory to know, were bought by our New York friends. The case of old wares shown by Kiriu Kosho Kuwaisha, from Tokio, contained a collection which had a kind of mysterious fascination even to us "outside barbarians," which we suppose might have become an intense desire to possess, could we have known anything about them. CHAPTER XII. THE PORCELAINS OF CENTRAL EUROPE--DRESDEN, BERLIN, HÖCHST, ETC. Dresden China.--Porcelain in Europe.--The Alchemists.--Augustus II.--Böttger.--Tschirnhaus.--Experiments.--Kaolin discovered.--Höroldt and Kändler.--Fine Art, or Decorative Art.--Lindenir.--Angelica Kauffmann.--Rococo-Work.--Collectors.--Marcolini.--Prices.--Marks. --Berlin.--The Seven Years' War.--Frederick the Great.--Prices. --Marks.--Vienna.--Stenzel.--Maria Theresa.--Lamprecht.--Prices. --Marks.--Hungary.--Herend.--Fischer.--Marks.--Höchst, or Mayence. --Ringler.--Marks.--Frankenthal, or Bavarian.--Carl Theodor.--Melchior. --Prices.--Marks.--Fürstenburg, or Brunswick.--Von Lang.--Prices.--Marks. --Nymphenburg.--Heintzmann and Lindemann.--Prices.--Marks.--Ludwigsburg, or Kronenburg.--Fulda.--Hesse-Cassel.--Switzerland.--Marks. In this chapter I wish to give some comprehensive account of the famous porcelain of Dresden, which in Europe first came into prominence, and kept its place for so long a time. With this the other manufactories of Central and Eastern Europe will be grouped, for convenience rather than for the purposes of classification. We will take a comprehensive survey of-- 1. Dresden, Meissen, or Saxony (it has all these names). 2. Berlin, or Prussian. 3. Vienna and Hungary. 4. Höchst, or Mayence. 5. Fürstenburg, or Brunswick. 6. Frankenthal, or the Palatinate. 7. Nymphenburg. 8. Kronenburg. 9. Fulda. 10. Limbach. 11. Switzerland, etc. We are apt to think that the mental force of Europe, down to very recent days quite into the last century, was directed almost wholly to the science and the practice of war. A great force certainly was so exhausted; but there was also, after the Renaissance (A. D. 1200 to 1300), a powerful stream turned upon literature, science, art, and religion. The alchemists, in their searchings for the secret of happiness--for the changing of baser things to gold--in their hunt for the fountain of perennial youth, were all chemists; and out of their (what we are pleased to term) "visionary notions" came many discoveries most curious and valuable to man.