The _true stomach_ (or proventriculus), which is lined with small gastric-secreting glands that may be seen with the naked eye. This organ is hidden by the liver, and opens directly into— [Illustration: FIG. 33.—POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION NO. 4 Lungs, kidneys, etc., in situ.] The _gizzard_, situated on the left side of the abdomen. It rests on the coiled-up mass of intestines. It is dark red and is partly hidden by the left lobe of the liver. The walls are strong and muscular. Here the food is ground against small bits of stone, etc. The partially digested food passes out through an aperture near the entrance of the true stomach into— The _duodenum_ or upper portion of the small intestine. It forms a loop that incloses— The _pancreas_, a compact, flattened organ, pinkish in color, that discharges its secretion by three ducts into the intestines. The _small intestine_, after forming the loop (duodenum), continues its course. It first passes toward the left and is disposed in many folds connected by the mesentery; toward the end it passes up behind the true stomach. Connected to the intestines are the blind bodies known as— The _cæca_, connected to the small intestines for several inches and which, after becoming considerably smaller in diameter, enter the alimentary tract where— The _large intestine_ (rectum) starts. This portion of the intestines is short and enters— The _cloaca_, into which the urinary and reproductive ducts discharge. The external opening is known as the _vent_ or _anus_. The _brain_, situated in the back of the head, is protected by the cranial bones. It is milky white except where the blood vessels may be seen. The _windpipe_ connects the larynx at the throat with the lungs branching into the two _bronchi_. The _lungs_, situated in the upper portion of the thoracic abdominal cavity, are firmly attached to the ribs, in the interspaces between which they fit. They are flattened and oval in shape, bright red in color, and loose and spongy in texture. The _heart_ is cone-shaped. The lower portion rests between the lobes of the liver. The heart is red and is inclosed in a sac (the pericardium) that is easily removed. The _liver_, situated a little lower down than the heart, consists of two lobes. The right lobe is often larger than the left which may be cleft at the lower end. The left lobe covers the true stomach and part of the gizzard. If there is some delay in holding a post-mortem examination the edges of the lobes of the liver become discolored. Normally the color is a purplish red. The _gall bladder_ fits into a shallow depression on the underside of the right lobe of the liver and appears green in color. A duct conveys the bile from the liver into the gall bladder, whence it passes by another duct into the intestine. The _spleen_, a nearly round, reddish body, with a purplish tinge, is attached by a ligament to the right side of the true stomach and is hidden by the liver.