Poverty Point: A Culture of the Lower Mississippi Valley — John Shaqi
Poverty Point: A Culture of the Lower Mississippi ValleyGibson, Jon L.
History
Poverty Point: A Culture of the Lower Mississippi Valley
Gibson, Jon L.
Poverty Point culture
Due to these problems, only general conclusions can be drawn. Even
though the quest for food remains has only just begun in earnest, the
failure of corn, beans and squash to turn up anywhere casts considerable
doubt about the traditional view of Poverty Point peoples as farmers. As
a matter of fact, of these three crops important in Southeastern Indian
diets at A. D. 1600, only squash has been found anywhere in the eastern
United States as early as Poverty Point times (Byrd and Neuman 1978).
Since we do not know if the goosefoot and knotweed seeds found at
Poverty Point sites were domesticated or wild varieties, we cannot be
certain whether or not Poverty Point peoples had gardens of these native
plants. All we really know, at present, is that Poverty Point
communities throughout the Lower Mississippi Valley ate wild plants and
animals. In the final analysis, we may anticipate that there was no
single, uniform pattern of obtaining food in the Lower Mississippi
Valley. Geographic and cultural differences were just too great.
EVERYDAY TOOLS
Hunting and collecting were basic to Poverty Point economy everywhere,
and rather specialized equipment was designed to aid in these food
quests. The bow and arrow was unknown. The javelin was the main hunting
device. These throwing spears were tipped with a variety of stone
points. Some points, like the ones illustrated in Figure 5, were
exclusive Poverty Point styles, but many were forms which had been made
for hundreds, even thousands, of years before.
[Illustration: Figure 5. Javelin Points. a-b, Motley; c-d, f, Epps;
e, Pontchartrain. Photographs courtesy of Brian Cockerham.]
Casting distance and power were increased by the use of atlatls, or
spear-throwers. Shaped like oversized crochet needles, atlatls were held
in the throwing hand with the hooked end inserted into a shallow socket
in the butt of the spear (Figure 6). Hurled with a smooth, gliding
motion, the javelin was released toward the target while the atlatl
remained in the hand.
Atlatl hooks were sometimes made of carved antler (Webb 1977, Figure
26), and polished stone weights supposedly were attached to the wooden
handles. These atlatl weights came in a variety of sizes and shapes,
including rectangular, diamond, oval, and boat-shaped bars and a host of
unusual forms (Figure 7). Some were quite elaborate with lustrous
finishes and engraved decorations. Repair holes reveal their value to
owners.
[Illustration: Figure 6. Throwing a Javelin with an Atlatl. Closeup
Shows How Atlatl Hook Is Attached to End of Spear.]
[Illustration: Figure 7. Atlatl Weights. a-c, e, Gorgets; d,
Triangular Tablet with Cross-Hatched Decoration; f-g, Narrow-Ended,
Rectangular Tablets. Photographs courtesy of Brian Cockerham.]
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