Practical Exercises in Elementary MeteorologyWard, Robert DeCourcy
Science
Practical Exercises in Elementary Meteorology
Ward, Robert DeCourcy
Meteorology
Hitherto nothing has been said about the _weather_ itself, as shown on the
series of maps we have been studying. By weather, in this connection, we
mean the state of the sky, whether it is clear, fair, or cloudy, or
whether it is raining or snowing at the time of the observation. While it
makes not the slightest difference to our feelings whether the _pressure_
is high or low, the _character of the weather_ is of great importance.
The character of the weather on each of the days whose temperature, wind,
and pressure conditions we have been studying is noted in the table in
this chapter. The symbols used by the Weather Bureau to indicate the
different kinds of weather on the daily weather maps are as follows: [full
moon] clear; [quarter moon] fair, or partly cloudy; [new moon] cloudy;
[circle-R] rain; [circle-S] snow.
Enter on a blank map, at each station, the sign which indicates the
weather conditions at that station at 7 A.M., on the first day, as given
in the table. When you have completed this, you have before you on the map
a bird’s-eye view of the weather which prevailed over the United States at
the moment of time at which the observations were taken. Describe in
general terms the distribution of weather here shown, naming the districts
or States over which similar conditions prevail. Following out the general
scheme adopted in the case of the temperature and the pressure
distribution, separate, by means of a line drawn on your map, the
districts over which the weather is prevailingly cloudy from those over
which the weather is partly cloudy or clear. In drawing this line,
scattering observations which do not harmonize with the prevailing
conditions around them may be disregarded, as the object is simply to
emphasize the _general_ characteristics. Enclose also, by means of another
line, the general area over which it was snowing at the time of
observation, and shade or color the latter region differently from the
cloudy one. Study the weather distribution shown on your chart. What
general relation do you discover between the kinds of weather and the
temperature, winds, and pressure?
Proceed similarly with the weather on the five remaining days, as noted in
the table. Enter the weather symbols for each day on a separate blank map,
enclosing and shading or coloring the areas of cloud and of snow as above
suggested. In Figs. 40-45 the cloudy areas are indicated by single-line
shading, and the snowy areas by double-line shading.
Now study carefully each weather chart with its corresponding temperature,
wind, and pressure charts. Note whatever relations you can discover among
the various meteorological elements on each day. Then compare the weather
conditions on the successive maps. What changes do you note? How are these
changes related to the changes of temperature; of wind; of pressure?
Write a summary of the results derived from your study of these four sets
of charts.
[Illustration: FIG. 40.——Weather. First Day.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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