Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) [Illustration: Eight Cylinder “V” Type Curtiss Aero Motor Having Two Rows of Four Cylinders Per Row. The Carburetor is Shown at the Left Hand Lower Corner Below the Motor. For Front Elevation See Fig. F-3 on Page 23. ] PRACTICAL HAND BOOK _of_ GAS, OIL AND STEAM ENGINES STATIONARY, MARINE, TRACTION GAS BURNERS, OIL BURNERS, ETC. FARM, TRACTION, AUTOMOBILE, LOCOMOTIVE A simple, practical and comprehensive book on the construction, operation and repair of all kinds of engines. Dealing with the various parts in detail and the various types of engines and also the use of different kinds of fuel. _By_ JOHN B. RATHBUN, Consulting Gas Engineer, Editor “Ignition,” Instructor Chicago Technical College, Author Gas Engine Troubles and Installation. Published by CHARLES C. THOMPSON CO. CHICAGO, U. S. A. Copyright 1916 CHARLES C. THOMPSON CO. Copyright MCMXIII CHARLES C. THOMPSON CO. _Practical Hand Book Gas, Oil & Steam Engines_ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table of Contents CHAPTER I—HEAT AND POWER Heat Energy—Mechanical Equivalent of Heat—Expansion Heat Units—Heat Engines—Efficiency—External and Internal Combustion Engines—Compression—Working Medium 5 CHAPTER II—FUELS Calorific Values of Fuels—Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Fuels—Kerosene—Gasoline—Crude Oil—Producer Gas—Illuminating Gas—Coal—Benzol 27 CHAPTER III—WORKING CYCLES Definitions of Cycle—Four Stroke Cycle—Two Stroke Cycle—Two Port, Two Stroke—Three Port, Three Stroke—Reversing—Scavenging—Junker Two Stroke Cycle 58 CHAPTER IV—INDICATOR DIAGRAMS Practical Use of the Indicator—Pressure Measurement—Reading the Card—Four Stroke Cycle Card—Defects in Practical Working—Two Stroke Cycle Card—Diesel Card—Effects of Mixture—Effects of Ignition 72 CHAPTER V—TYPICAL FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINES