=Brunetti Chisels.= (See Fig. 15.) These are of great service in opening the spinal canal, but require some practice for their proper use. When used with skill they are preferable to the rhachiotome. The chisels are rights and lefts, and have a long, heavy, curved blade, broadening toward the cutting end, which has on its right or left side a small blunt projection that is introduced into the spinal canal after the removal of a portion of one of the vertebræ. This projection serves as a director and lever, while the cutting edge of the chisel is driven through the lateral portions of the bony covering of the canal by means of blows from a wooden mallet received upon the heavy handles. [Illustration: FIG. 6—Enterotome] =Hammer.= (See Fig. 16.) The steel hammer of the amputation- or bone-sets is often of great service in autopsy work. The hook at the end of the handle may be used to lift up the skull-cap after the sawing is completed. =Mallet.= (See Fig. 17.) A wooden mallet is necessary for the use of the Brunetti chisels. It may be loaded with lead or the end may be covered with felt to deaden the sound of the blows. =Forceps.= (See Figs. 18, 19, 20.) _Dissecting forceps_ of various types are useful in the finer dissections. _Cover-glass forceps_ should be at hand for use in the taking of smears. A pair of strong _bone-forceps_ may be of occasional service in cutting ribs or small bones. When the spinal canal is opened by means of the Brunetti chisels or rhachiotome the loosened fragments of the vertebræ should be jerked off by means of lion-forceps, or a strong pair of ordinary nippers may be used for the same purpose. [Illustration: FIG. 7—Costotome] [Illustration: FIG. 8—Large Autopsy Saw] =Miscellaneous Instruments.= (See Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.) Probes of various sizes, grooved and curved directors, retractors, catheters, both metal and flexible, injection-syringe, blow-pipe with valve, trocar, cannulas, hand-drill for wiring bones, an iron-vise, etc., all find a place of usefulness in autopsy technique. In institution work motor band-saws, trephining or dental engines, drills, etc., may greatly facilitate the progress of autopsies when the daily number of these is great and when special examinations of the ear or nose are required. The needles for sewing up the incisions should be large, strong and slightly curved. A strong linen thread should be used for stitching and for ligatures. [Illustration: FIG. 9—Small Autopsy Saw] [Illustration: FIG. 10—Hey’s Saw] [Illustration: FIG. 11—Luer’s Rhachiotome] [Illustration: FIG. 12 T-Chisel or Skull-Opener] [Illustration: FIG. 13 Hatchet-Chisel] [Illustration: FIG. 14 Straight Bone-Chisel]