15. =Thorax.= Shape, length, breadth and depth, angle of Louis, epigastric angle, symmetry of sides, prominence or depressions, pigeon-breast, shoemaker’s or funnel breast, rachitic rosary, character of ribs and interspaces, mammæ, degree of hairiness, eroding tumors or aneurisms, etc. 16. =Abdomen.= Depressed, scaphoid or elevated, distended, tympanitic, presence of fluctuation, symmetry, results of palpation (neoplasms), character of abdominal wall (tightly stretched or lax, wrinkled), presence of linea fusca or lineæ albicantes (pregnancy, ascites, tumor). The existence of enteroptosis or gastroptosis can often be told by inspection of the abdomen. 17. =Back.= General build and contour, bedsores, etc. Spine should be carefully examined (anterior, posterior or lateral curvatures, evidences of trauma, etc.). 18. =Anomalies.= Malformations and anomalies of any region should be thoroughly examined and carefully described. The most common ones found in adults are hare-lip, cleft palate, branchial cysts, bifid sternum, accessory ribs, malformations of fingers and toes, hypertrophy of great toe, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, pseudohermaphrodism, congenital dislocations, particularly of hip, lumbosacral meningoceles and dermoid cysts, microcephalus, club-foot and hernia, its variety, location, size and condition. Under anomalies may be considered the stigmata of degeneracy and the _homo delinquens_ type. These should also be mentioned in the identification of the cadaver. 19. =Deformities.= Location, degree, character, probable cause, etc. Most commonly caused by tuberculosis, rachitis, gonorrhœa, syphilis, osteitis deformans, trauma, burns, osteomalacia, tabes, muscular atrophies, gout, rheumatism, tumors, aneurism, diseases of the lung causing asymmetry of the thorax, acromegaly, etc. Most common forms are Pott’s disease, spondylitis, ankylosis, spinal curvature, contractions and retractions of parts, bow-leg, knock-knee, changes in the pelvis, dwarfism, shortening of extremities, exostosis, drumstick or clubbed fingers, flat foot, loss of bones, amputations, occupation deformities, swelling of joints, tophi, Charcot’s joint, hygroma, ganglion, etc.