English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Pre-Raphaelitism in literature
What is the teaching of science in regard to the future and the past of
the present universe? It is that in the course of enormous periods of
time this universe passes away into a nebulous condition, and out of
that condition is reformed again. Mathematically it has been calculated
that the forces regulating the universe must have in the past formed
the same kind of universes millions of times, and will do the same
thing in the future, millions of times. Every modern astronomer
recognizes the studies upon which these calculations are based. It is
certainly curious that when science tells us how the universe with its
hundreds of millions of suns, and its trillions of worlds, regularly
evolves and devolves alternately--it is curious, I repeat, that this
science is telling us the very same thing that Indian philosophers were
teaching thousands of years ago, before there was any science. They
taught that all worlds appear and disappear by turns in the infinite
void, and they compared these worlds to the shadows of the dream of
a god. When the Supreme awakens from his sleep, then all the worlds
disappear, because they were only the shapes of his dream.
Herbert Spencer would not go quite so far as that. But he would
confirm Indian philosophy as to the apparition and disparition of the
universes. There is another point upon which any Western man of science
would also confirm the Oriental teaching--that the essence of life does
not cease and cannot cease with the destruction of our world. Only the
form dies. The forces that make life cannot die; they are the same
forces that spin the suns. Remember that I am not talking about a soul
or a ghost or anything of that kind; I am saying only that it is quite
scientific to believe that all the life which has been in this world
will be again in some future world, lighted by another sun. Meredith
suggests perhaps more than this--only suggests. Take his poem,
however, as it stands, and you will find it a very noble utterance
of optimism, inspiring ideas astonishingly like the ideas of Eastern
metaphysicians.
I am going to conclude this lecture upon Meredith with one more example
of his philosophy of social life. It is a poem treating especially of
the questions of love and marriage, and it shows us how he looks at
matters which are much closer to us than problems about suns and souls
and universes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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