English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Pre-Raphaelitism in literature
The comparison is of the hopes and aims of the artist to a couple
of men in love with the same woman--bitter enemies while she lives,
because of their natural rivalry, but loving each other after her
death, simply because each can understand better than anybody else
in the world the pain of the other. Afterward the men, once rivals,
passed all their time together, wandering about at night in search of
some quiet place, where they can sit down and drink and talk together.
In Rossetti's time such quiet places were not to be found in the main
streets, but in the little side streets called bye-streets. After
this explanation, the comparison should not be obscure. The artist who
loves does all his work with the thought of the woman that he loves
before him; his hope to win fame is that he may make her proud of him;
his aims are in all cases to please her. After he has lost her, these
hopes and aims, which might have been antagonists to each other in
former days, are now reconciled within him; her memory alone is now
the inspiration and the theme. I hope you will notice the curious and
exquisite value of certain words here: "Stark," meaning stiff, nearly
always refers to the rigidness of death; it is especially used of the
appearance and attitude of corpses, and its application in this poem
to the cover of the marriage bed is quite enough to convey the sense
of death without any more definite observation. Again the expression
"long pauses," referring to the sound of the church bells, makes us
understand that the bells are really ringing a funeral knell; for the
ringing of wedding bells ought to be quick and joyous. It might seem
a strange contradiction, this simile, but the poet has in his mind an
old expression about the death of a maiden: "She became the bride of
Death." Thus the effect is greatly intensified by the sombre irony of
the simile itself.
We might extract a great many beauties from this wonderful collection
of sonnets; but time is precious, and we shall have room for only
another quotation or two. The following is one to which I should like
especially to invite your attention--not only because of its strange
charm, but also because of the curious legend which it recalls--a
legend which we have already studied:
BODY'S BEAUTY
Of Adam's first wife, Lilith, it is told
(The witch he loved before the gift of Eve,)
That, ere the snake's, her sweet tongue could deceive,
And her enchanted hair was the first gold.
And still she sits, young while the earth is old,
And subtly of herself contemplative,
Draws men to watch the bright web she can weave,
Till heart and body and life are in its hold.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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