English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Pre-Raphaelitism in literature
The rose and poppy are her flowers; for where
Is he not found, O Lilith, whom shed scent
And soft-shed kisses and soft sleep shall snare?
Lo! as that youth's eyes burned at thine, so went
Thy spell through him, and left his straight neck bent,
And round his heart one strangling golden hair.
The reference to the rose and the poppy may need some explanation. The
rose has been for many centuries in Western countries a symbol of love;
and the poppy has been a symbol of death and sleep from the time of the
Greeks. It is from the seeds of the poppy that opium is extracted. The
Greeks did not know the use of opium; but they knew that the seeds of
the flower produced sleep, and might, in certain quantities, produce
death. We have the expression "poppied sleep" to express the sleep of
death.
A final word must be said about Rossetti's genius as a translator. He
has given us, in one large volume, the most precious anthology of the
Italian poets of the Middle Ages that ever has been made--the poets of
the time of Dante, under the title of "Dante and his Circle." This
magnificent work would alone be sufficient to establish his supreme
excellence as a translator of poetry; but the material is mostly of
a sort that can appeal to scholars only. Rossetti is better known as
a translator through a very few short pieces translated from French
poets, chiefly. Such is the wonderful rendering of Villon's "Ballad of
Dead Ladies," beginning
Tell me now in what hidden way is
Lady Flora, the lovely Roman?
Where's Hipparchia, and where is Thais,
Neither of them the fairer woman?
Where is Echo, beheld of no man,
Only heard on river and mere,--
She whose beauty was more than human?--
But where are the snows of yester-year?
Even Swinburne, when making his splendid translations from Villon,
refrained from attempting to translate this ballad, saying that no man
could surpass, even if he could equal, Rossetti's version. The burthen
is said to be especially successful as a rendering of the difficult
French refrain:
_Mais où sont les neiges d'antan?_
You will find this matchless translation almost anywhere, so we need
not occupy the time further with it; but I doubt whether you have
noticed as yet other wonderful translations made by this master from
the French. Such is the song from Victor Hugo's drama "Les Burgraves";
you will not forget Rossetti's translation after having once read it.
Through the long winter the rough wind tears;
With their white garments the hills look wan.
Love on: who cares?
Who cares? Love on!
My mother is dead; God's patience wears;
It seems my chaplain will not have done!
Love on: who cares?
Who cares? Love on!
The Devil, hobbling up the stairs,
Comes for me with his ugly throng.
Love on: who cares?
Who cares? Love on.
Another remarkable translation from the same drama is that of the song
beginning:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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