English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Pre-Raphaelitism in literature
For these give labour and slumber, but thou, Proserpina,
death.
Therefore now at thy feet I abide for a season in silence.
I know
I shall die as my fathers died, and sleep as they sleep;
even so.
For the glass of the years is brittle wherein we gaze for a
span;
A little soul for a little bears up this corpse which is man.
So long I endure, no longer; and laugh not again, neither
weep.
For there is no God found stronger than death; and death
is a sleep.
The third line from the end, "a little soul for a little," is a
translation from the philosopher Epictetus. It is the Epicurean
philosophy especially which speaks in this poetry. The address to the
goddess of death as the daughter of earth, cannot be understood without
some reference to Greek mythology. Proserpina was the daughter of the
goddess Ceres, whom the ancients termed the Holy Mother--queen of the
earth, but especially the goddess of fruitfulness and of harvests.
While playing in the fields as a young girl, Proserpina was seized
and carried away by the god of the dead, Hades or Pluto, to become
his wife. Everywhere her mother sought after her to no purpose; and
because of the grief of the goddess, the earth dried up, the harvests
failed, and all nature became desolate. Afterwards, finding that her
daughter had become the queen of the kingdom of the dead, Ceres agreed
that Proserpina should spend a part of every year with her husband, and
part of the year with her mother. To this arrangement the Greeks partly
attributed the origin of the seasons.
Incidentally in the poem there is a very beautiful passage describing
the world of death, where no sun is, where the silence is more than
music, where the flowers are white and full of strange sleepy smell,
and where the sound of the speech of the dead is like the sound of
water heard far away, or a humming of bees-whither the old man prays
to go, to rest with his ancestors away from the light of the sun, and
to forget all the sorrow of this world and its changes. But I think
that you will do well to study this poem in detail by yourselves,
when opportunity allows. It happens to be one of the very few poems
in the first series of Swinburne's "Poems and Ballads" to which no
reasonable exception can be made; and it is without doubt one of the
very finest things that he has ever written. I could recommend this
for translation; there are many pieces in the same book which I could
not so recommend, notwithstanding their beauty. For instance, the poem
entitled "Hesperia," with its splendid beginning:
Out of the golden remote wild west where the sea without
shore is,
Full of the sunset, and sad, if at all, with the fulness of joy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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