CHAPTER II. THE PRIMEVAL TRANSITION. The Latest Migrations—Founding a Capital—Beginnings of History—Prehistoric Phases—Non-Metallurgic Eras—Oscillations of the Land—The Glacial Period—Conditions of Climate—Fossil Mammalia—The Flint-Folk of the Drift—Advent of European Man—The Drift Implements—Scottish Alluvium—Preceltic Races—Their Imitative Arts—Man Primeval—His Intellectual Condition—Instinct—Accumulated Knowledge—Primeval Britain—Its Fossil Fauna—Ossiferous Caves—Brixham Cave—Food—Scottish Reindeer—American Drift—Relics of Ancient Life—Extinct Fauna—Man and the Mastodon—Indian Traditions—Giants—Drift Disclosures—Large Ovoid Discs—Cave Disclosures—American Cranial Type—Antiquity of the American Man, 17 CHAPTER III. THE QUARRY. The Quarry—Brixham Cave—Brixham Flint Implement—Flint Ridge, Ohio—Flint Pits—Drift Quarry Deposits—Traces of Palæolithic Art—Lanceolate Flints—Almond-shaped Flints—The Shawnees—The Colorado Indians—Caches of Worked Flints—Sepulchral Deposits—Cave Drift Disclosures—Illustrative Analogies—Cincinnati Collections—Hornstone Spear-heads—American Neolithic Art—Flint Drills—Modes of Perforation—Flint-Knives—Razors and Scrapers—Arrow-head Forms—Discoidal Stones—Sinkers and Lasso Stones—Cupped Stones—Archæological Theories—Georgia Boulders—Hand Cup-stones—Neolithic Grindstones—Archæological Enigmas—Ancient Analogies, 64 CHAPTER IV. BONE AND SHELL WORKERS. Bone and Ivory Workers—Substitutes for Flint—Proofs of Relative Age—Domestic Bone Implements—Rude Palæolithic Art—Whalebone Workers—Primitive Working Tools—Fish-spears and Harpoons—Artistic Ingenuity—Drawing of the Mammoth—The Madelaine Etchings—Righthanded Workers—Deer-horn Quarry Picks—Bonebracer or Guard—Birthtime of the Fine Arts—Innuit Carvers of Alaska—Troglodytes of Central France—Post-Glacial Man—Symmetrical Head-Form—Intellectual Vigour—Evidence of Latent Powers—Tawatin Ivory Carving—Lake-Dwellers’ Implements—Cave Implements—Arts of the Pacific Islanders—Carib Shell-Knives—Aborigines of the Antilles—Caribs of St. Domingo—Cave Pictures and Carvings—Prized Tropical Shells—Ancient Graves of Tennessee—Shell Manufactures—Huron and Petun Graves—Sacred Shell-Vessels—Primitive Shell Ornaments—American Shell Mounds—A Shell Currency—Ioqua Standard of Value, 96