Preliminary report on a visit to the Navaho National Monument, ArizonaFewkes, Jesse Walter
History
Preliminary report on a visit to the Navaho National Monument, Arizona
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Arizona -- Antiquities; Cliff-dwellings -- Arizona; Navajo National Monument (Ariz.)
After descending to Laguna creek from Marsh pass, crossing the
stream, and following the bank about 2 miles, one comes to a ridge of
copper-bearing rocks, beyond which the road crosses a deep ravine.
On following the right bank this ravine is found to extend into the
cliffs as a canyon. A few miles after entering the canyon a stream is
encountered emerging from a spring and trickling over a cliff. High
above this cliff, in a canyon 60 or 80 feet in size, the entrance
to which is surrounded and more or less concealed by stately pines,
spruces, and cedars, stands a cliff-ruin, possibly never before visited
by white men, for which the name Trickling-spring House is suggested.
Although this ruin is small, it is in several respects unique. The main
architectural feature is a diminutive court or plaza, into which open a
number of small rooms, having well-plastered walls and low entrances.
In this, as in most of the other ruins in the Navaho National Monument,
some of the house-walls are constructed of stone; but many are made of
clay, plastered on sticks or wickerwork supported by upright logs. The
masonry when present is poor as a rule, the component stones rarely
being dressed into shape, but the surface plastering, especially on
the kiva walls, is good. Many walls stand on rocks that have evidently
fallen from the roof of the cave. A metate set in position in one of
the smaller rooms indicates that this particular inclosure served as a
milling room.
[Illustration: FIG. 2. Ground plan of Trickling-spring House.
_A_, _B_, _C_, rooms; _D_, _D_, deflectors; _E_, doorway; _H_, _H_,
hatchways; _M_, metate; _P_, plaza; _R_, _R_, rock fragments.]
Two squarish rooms, with lateral doorways and a deflector or wall
before them, are identified as kihus. One of these has a platform
or floor connecting the base of the ventilator and the doorway. The
deflector is free from the kihu walls at both ends. The walls of a room
with a deflector which opens into the plaza are very much blackened
with smoke. No circular subterranean room was observed. There are
several well-preserved hatchways in the roofs, showing that entrances
of this kind were common in addition to lateral entrances with
well-preserved sills and lintels. One or two of the small windows in
the outer walls have a downward slant, as if to afford a better view of
visitors approaching from below. One of these old doorways was closed
with masonry, constructed possibly when the room was deserted. There
are no signs of vandalism in this ruin.[36]
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF RUINS
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