References to the northern ruins occur frequently in Hopi legends of the Snake and Flute clans, and even accounts of the great natural bridges lately seen for the first time by white people were given years ago by Hopi familiar with legends of these families. The writer heard the Hopi tell of their former homes among the “high rocks” in the north and at Navaho mountain, fifteen years ago, at which time they offered to guide him to them. The stories of the great cave ruins to the north were heard even earlier from the lips of the Hopi priests by another observer. Mr. A. M. Stephen, the pioneer in Hopi studies, informed the writer that he had learned of great ruins in the north as far back as 1885, and Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff, aided by Mr. Stephen, published the names of the clans which, according to the Hopi, inhabited them. [Illustration: BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 50 PLATE 3 _a._ FROM THE SOUTH _b._ FROM THE NORTH WUKÓKI RUIN AT BLACK FALLS] Victor Mindeleff[3] summarizes the Hopi traditions concerning Tokónabi still preserved by the Horn and Flute clans of Walpi: The Horn people, to which the Lenbaki [Flute] belonged, have a legend of coming from a mountain range in the east. Its peaks were always snow covered, and the trees were always green. From the hillside the plains were seen, over which roamed the deer, the antelope, and the bison, feeding on never-failing grasses. [Possibly the Horn people were so called from an ancient home where horned animals abounded.] Twining through these plains were streams of bright water, beautiful to look upon. A place where none but those who were of our people ever gained access. This description suggests some region of the headwaters of the Rio Grande. Like the Snake people, they tell of a protracted migration, not of continuous travel, for they remained for many seasons in one place, where they would plant and build permanent houses. One of these halting places is described as a canyon with high, steep walls, in which was a flowing stream; this, it is said, was the Tségi (the Navajo name for Canyon de Chelly).[4] Here they built a large house in a cavernous recess, high up in the canyon wall. They tell of devoting two years to ladder making and cutting and pecking shallow holes up the steep rocky side by which to mount to the cavern, and three years more were employed in building the house....