PRIMER OF OHIO ARCHAEOLOGY The Mound Builders and the Indians H. C. SHETRONE FIFTH EDITION COLUMBUS THE OHIO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1951 CONTENTS Foreword 3 The Mound-Builders and the Indians 5 The First Ohioans 5 Ancient Mounds and Earthworks 7 The Archæologist and His Work 12 Various Kinds of Mound-Builders 13 The Inside Story of a Mound 15 Ancient Non-mound-building Tribes 22 Questions Concerning the Mound-Builders 24 How Things Began 25 Arts and Crafts 27 The Use of Stone 27 The Use of Flint 32 Prehistoric Farming 36 The Use of Bone 37 Use of Clay for Pottery 38 Spinning and Weaving 39 The Use of Metals 40 Personal Ornamentation 41 The Art of the Mound-Builders 42 Tobacco and Tobacco Pipes 43 “Ceremonial” Objects 44 PRIMER OF OHIO ARCHÆOLOGY FOREWORD This booklet is issued by the Ohio State Archæological and Historical Society in response to a demand for a brief outline of the main features of prehistoric archæology in Ohio. While intended primarily for use of students in the elementary schools, it is hoped that visitors to the Museum, and the general public, as well as collectors of archæological material, and students of prehistory, may find the brief summary contained herein of interest and value.