Since types of archæological specimens are fairly similar throughout the area east of the Rocky Mountains, and particularly within the general Mound area, the information contained in this summary is broadly applicable even outside the boundaries of the state of Ohio. Further, since the course of human development has been basically the same the world over, the simple series of local “relics” selected for this study will serve to illustrate how, through countless centuries of pioneering, human beings have advanced from savagery to civilization, thus making for understanding and appreciation of the present time. The wealth of material on display and in the study collections at the Ohio State Museum will serve as an inexhaustible laboratory in further pursuit of the subject by those who may be so inclined. [Illustration: Fig. 1—Archaeological Map of Ohio. The dots on this outline map show the location and distribution of the ancient Mounds of the State.] THE MOUND-BUILDERS AND THE INDIANS When white settlers first entered the country north and west of the Ohio River, from which later on the state of Ohio was to be carved, they found here, as everyone knows, the Indians. When we pause to consider that Ohio today is one of the greatest states in the Union, it is hard to believe that this happened less than two centuries ago. However, the story of the Indian tribes that white men found living on Ohio soil when they arrived is a part of Ohio history, and will not be dwelt upon in this booklet. For the present we are concerned only with the people who lived in Ohio before the historic Indians, and we may refer to them as the first Ohioans. THE FIRST OHIOANS