Primer of Ohio Archaeology: The Mound Builders and the IndiansShetrone, H. C.
History
Primer of Ohio Archaeology: The Mound Builders and the Indians
Shetrone, H. C.
Indians of North America -- Ohio; Mound-builders -- Ohio; Ohio -- Antiquities
Having learned something of what the Mound-builders did and how they
lived, we naturally are curious to know what they looked like. Formerly
it was believed that the mysterious builders of the mounds were a race
of giants and that they were altogether different in appearance from any
other people. Careful study of their skeletons however proves that this
is not true. Scientists are able to determine almost exactly how persons
looked, no matter to what race or age they belonged, through a study of
their skeletons, and by making use of these methods we now know that the
Mound-builders were quite similar in appearance to the Indians. In the
Ohio State Museum there are life-size statues of a Mound-builder man and
woman, constructed after these methods and clothed with the garments,
implements and ornaments which they actually used in life. A picture of
the male figure is shown on page 21.
ANCIENT NON-MOUND-BUILDING TRIBES
And now that we have had a look at the Mound-builders, it only remains
to be said that still another people, closely related but somewhat
different, lived in the Ohio country before the coming of white men.
Archæologists, in exploring the ancient Mounds, have learned just what
kinds of implements, ornaments and utensils the Mound-builders used. But
this is not all. In plowing and cultivating the fields, and in shallow
graves found here and there, great numbers of relics of kinds not used
by the Mound-builders have been found. Numerous collections of such
relics, including arrow and spear points, grooved stone hatchets or
tomahawks, stone pestles or corn grinders, ornaments of slate and stone,
rude pottery vessels and other things somewhat different from what the
Mound-builders used; are to be seen in these private collections. Some
of them have been found on almost every farm in Ohio and almost every
family has a few of these “Indian relics.” And the name “Indian relics”
exactly describes them, because the archæologist has found that they
were made and used by ancient tribes of Indians who lived in Ohio, in
prehistoric times, but who did not build Mounds. It is probable that
some of them were here at the same time as were the Mound-builders, but
it is also likely that some of them were earlier, and perhaps they
continued to live here after the passing of the Mound-builders, and up
pretty close to the coming of white men. Doubtless they were the
ancestors—the grandparents and the great-grandparents—of the Indians of
later times. They seem to have belonged to the two great families of
Indians—the Algonquins and the Iroquois—who were here when the Ohio
country was first visited by white men.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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