Primer of Ohio Archaeology: The Mound Builders and the Indians — John Shaqi
Primer of Ohio Archaeology: The Mound Builders and the IndiansShetrone, H. C.
History
Primer of Ohio Archaeology: The Mound Builders and the Indians
Shetrone, H. C.
Indians of North America -- Ohio; Mound-builders -- Ohio; Ohio -- Antiquities
Thus far in exploring this Mound we have found no relics; these two
people must have been just “poor folks.” But now comes a third. This
grave is larger than the others and, we are told, looks as if it might
be a good one. It proves to be a double burial containing the skeletons
of a male and female. Royalty, they must have been, judging from the
many ornaments that were placed around them; helmet-shaped head-dresses
made of copper; beads and bracelets made of the same metal; spool-shaped
ear ornaments of copper, and hundreds, yes, thousands of fresh-water
pearl beads, and pieces of cloth with colored designs painted on it.
The workmen have found another burial. This one may have been the chief
of the tribe for, in addition to ear ornaments, a copper head-dress and
a necklace made of bear-teeth, we find a large copper axe and beautiful
spearheads chipped from what appears to be colored glass but which, we
are told, is volcanic glass or obsidian.
From what we have seen during the exploration of this Mound we try to
form a picture of how the builders of it must have lived. In this the
archæologist assists by telling us that many other things besides those
which we have seen here are found with burials. The Mound-builders made
artistic pottery; from grasses, plants and trees they collected fibers
which they wove into fabrics; from stone, flint, bone, shell, wood,
copper and silver they made their implements, cooking utensils and
ornaments. Many of the materials which they used had been brought from
distant sources. They found copper and silver near Lake Superior which
they hammered and ground into the desired forms. They obtained
grizzly-bear teeth for necklaces from the Rocky Mountains; lead ore from
Illinois; sea shells from the Gulf of Mexico. They may have secured some
of these things by trade or by sending out expeditions, probably both. A
great deal of their time must have been spent in gathering mussels from
the streams in order to secure the thousands of pearls they possessed.
And now that we have seen how the Hopewell peoples buried their dead, we
ask “Where did they live?”
Like the ancient Mexicans, the Hopewell peoples, and some others of the
Mound-builders, gave most of their attention to the dead rather than the
living. The Pueblos and Cliff-dwellers built for the living, burying
their dead in the quickest and easiest manner. The Mound-builders built
mainly for the dead. Not far from the mounds are found the sites of
their villages or towns but the only evidences of their homes are the
post molds and fireplaces showing where their rude huts or tepees have
stood.
In the fields surrounding their villages they raised maize, squash,
beans, and tobacco; but they depended mainly on the game which they
secured in the chase, fish from the streams, and wild fruits, berries
and nuts from the forest, for their food supplies.
[Illustration: Fig. 10—Statue of a Mound-builder, in the Ohio State
Museum.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account