Art, Prehistoric; Folk literature -- History and criticism
The raw hide boxes of the Sauk and Fox Indians are made of a large
piece of hide which is carefully ornamented according to a definite
plan (fig. 11). The boxes are made by folding the hide. There are five
sides of approximately equal width (1-5). These are the four sides
of the box: front (5), bottom (4), back (3), top (2), and a flap (1)
covering the front. A strip on each side (_a_-_e_) is folded over and
the marginal piece (_d_) belonging to the bottom segment is folded
in along diagonal lines as we fold in the ends of a paper wrapper,
so that the marginal strips, _e_ and _c_, form the sides of the box.
Another similar fold is made in _b_ when the top is folded over the top
opening of the box. The folds at the bottom are sewed in firmly, while
the fold on top remains open. The resulting form is shown in fig. 12.
Those parts of the surface that are entirely invisible are indicated by
horizontal shading (fig. 11). These are folded in and sewed in on the
inside of the box. Those parts that may be seen when the box is opened
are indicated by diagonal shading; while the white area is that part of
the surface that is visible when the box is closed and tied up. It will
be noticed that the fields _c_ and _e_ overlap on the short sides of
the finished box.
[Illustration: Fig. 13. Design on rawhide for a box, Sauk and Fox
Indians.]
[Illustration: Fig. 14. Design on rawhide for a box, Sauk and Fox
Indians.]
The decoration of these boxes is carefully laid out on a flat piece of
rawhide. Corresponding to the five faces of the box most of the designs
are divided into five equal fields and corresponding to the folded
margins two marginal fields are set off from the central field. This,
however, is so narrow that in folding part of the lateral design is
turned over so that it becomes invisible. When the boxes are folded the
cohesion of the pattern is completely lost. Not only do the folds fail
to agree with the divisions, but owing to the method of folding and
the complete covering of the field _d_ and of part of _e_, the whole
pattern is broken up and on the short sides we find only fragments
adjoining in the most irregular way (fig. 12). When the box is closed
field _e_ adjoins field 1, and the overlapping section _c_ adjoins it
in the middle of the narrow side. On top it adjoins field 2 and at the
bottom field 4. The whole formal idea of the carefully planned pattern
is lost in the completed box. We find even patterns laid out in four
strips instead of five, so that the fundamental pattern and the sides
do not coincide (fig. 14). It will be seen, therefore, that the artist
spends his ingenuity in decorating the rawhide but that in the box the
fundamental ideas of his carefully planned decoration are lost.
[Illustration: Fig. 15. Designs on rawhide boxes, Sauk and Fox Indians.]
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