=236. Estimation of Dry Substance, Polarization and Apparent Purity for Factory Control.=—For technical purposes the methods of determining the above factors, proposed by Weisberg and applicable to concentrated sirups, massecuites, and molasses, may be used.[193] Five times the half normal quantity of the material, _viz._, 65.12 grams, are placed in a quarter liter flask, dissolved in water and the flask filled to the mark. In the well shaken mixture, which is allowed to stand long enough to be free of air, the degree brix is estimated by an accurate spindle. For example, in the case of molasses, let the number obtained be 18.8. Fifty cubic centimeters of the solution are poured into a 100 cubic centimeter flask, the proper quantity of lead subacetate added, the flask filled to the mark with water, its contents filtered, and the filtrate polarized in a 200 millimeter tube. Let the number obtained on polarization be 22°.1. This number may be used in two ways. If it be multiplied by two the polarization of the original sample is obtained; in this case, _viz._, 44°.2. In the second place, if 44.2 be multiplied by 0.26048 and this product divided by the specific gravity corresponding to 18°.8. _viz._, 1.078, the quotient 10.68 is secured representing the polarization or per cent of sugar contained in the solution of which the degree brix was 18.8°. From the numbers 18.8 and 10.68 the apparent purity of the solution, 56.8, is calculated, _viz._, 10.68 × 100 ÷ by 18.8. The original product as calculated above gives a polarization of 44.2 and this number multiplied by 100 and divided by 56.8 gives 77.8, or the apparent percentage of dry matter. The original sample of molasses, therefore, had the following composition: Degree brix (total solids) 77.8 per cent. Sucrose 44.2 ” Solids, not sucrose 33.6 ” Apparent purity 56.8 ” It is seen from the above that with a single weighing and a single polarization, and within from ten to fifteen minutes, all needful data in respect of the proper treatment of molasses for the practical control and direction of a factory can be obtained. In case a laurent polariscope is used, five times the normal weight, _viz._, eighty-one grams of the raw material are used and the process conducted as above. SUCROSE, DEXTROSE, INVERT SUGAR, LEVULOSE, MALTOSE, RAFFINOSE, DEXTRIN AND LACTOSE IN MIXTURES. =237. Occurrence.=—Sucrose and invert sugar are found together in many commercial products, especially in raw sugars and molasses made from sugar cane, and in these products sucrose is usually predominant. They also form the principal saccharine contents of honey, the invert sugar, in this case, being the chief ingredient.