CHAPTER XLIII. Creation of species--Whether the loss of certain animals and plants is compensated by the introduction of new species 701 CHAPTER XLIV. Modifications in physical geography caused by organic beings 708 CHAPTER XLV. Imbedding of organic remains in peat, blown sand, and volcanic ejections 718 CHAPTER XLVI. Imbedding of the same in alluvial deposits and in caves 730 CHAPTER XLVII. Imbedding of organic remains in aqueous deposits--Terrestrial plants--Insects, reptiles, birds, quadrupeds 742 CHAPTER XLVIII. Imbedding of the remains of man and his works 753 CHAPTER XLIX. Imbedding of aquatic animals and plants, both freshwater and marine, in aqueous deposits 765 CHAPTER L. Formation of coral reefs 775 LIST OF PLATES. DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. FRONTISPIECE, View of the Temple of Serapis at Puzzuoli in 1836, _to face_ title page. PLATE 1. Map showing the Area in Europe which has been covered by Water since the beginning of the Eocene Period _to face_ p. 121 2. Boulders drifted by Ice on the Shores of the St. Lawrence 220 3. View looking up the Val del Bove, Etna 403 4. View of the Val del Bove, Etna, as seen from above 404 PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY. BOOK I. CHAPTER I. Geology defined--Compared to History--Its relation to other Physical Sciences--Not to be confounded with Cosmogony. Geology is the science which investigates the successive changes that have taken place in the organic and inorganic kingdoms of nature; it inquires into the causes of these changes, and the influence which they have exerted in modifying the surface and external structure of our planet.