Principles of literary criticismRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Philosophy
Principles of literary criticism
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
Criticism
perversion only too easy to fall into, we make them the basis
of our adjustment, we run extreme risks of later disorganisation
elsewhere.
Many people find great difficulty in accepting or even in understanding
this position. They are so accustomed to regarding ‘recognised
facts’ as the natural basis of attitudes, that they cannot conceive
how anyone can be otherwise organised. The hard-headed positivist
and the convinced adherent of a religion from opposite sides
encounter the same difficulty. The first at the best suffers
from an insufficient material for the development of his attitudes;
the second from intellectual bondage and unconscious insincerity.
The one starves himself; the other is like the little pig in
the fable who chose to have his house built of cabbages and ate
it, and so the grim wolf with privy paw devoured him. For clear
and impartial awareness of the nature of the world in which we
live and the development of attitudes which will enable us to
live in it finely are both necessities, and neither can be subordinated
to the other. They are almost independent, such connections as
exist in well-organised individuals being adventitious. Those
who find this a hard saying may be invited to consider the effect
upon them of those works of art which most unmistakably attune
them to existence. The central experience of Tragedy and its
chief value is an attitude indispensable for a fully developed
life. But in the reading of _King Lear_ what facts verifiable
by science, or accepted and believed in as we accept and believe
in ascertained facts, are relevant? None whatever. Still more
clearly in the experiences of some music, of some architecture
and of some abstract design, attitudes are evoked and developed
which are unquestionably independent of all beliefs as to fact,
and these are exceptional only in being protected by accident
from the most insidious perversion to which the mind is liable.
For the intermingling of knowledge and belief is indeed a perversion,
through which both activities suffer degradation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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