Principles of Political EconomyPerry, Arthur Latham
General
Principles of Political Economy
Perry, Arthur Latham
Economics
(2) Henry Dunning Macleod, who has cast fresh light on the nature of
Credit, draws another distinction that lies on the threshold of the
subject, namely, that between paper documents conveying titles to
_specific things_, such as a bill of lading, for example, and those
conveying _credit-rights_, such as a bank-note, for example. Bills of
lading describe the goods, go out with the goods, are a title to the
goods, and have no value separate from the goods; bank-notes have
nothing to do with any specific pieces of property anywhere, are in no
proper sense a title to anything whatever, but a general _claim_ for
something upon some person somewhere that awaits his action for its
validity and realization. For instance, a grain-dealer in Chicago
sells 1,000 bushels of No. 2 wheat to a party in New York, and ships
the grain to that point by rail: two kinds of paper documents arise in
connection with this transaction, which are quite diverse in their
nature and course of operation: one is a _bill of lading_, that goes
along with the wheat, and gives the person named in the bill a
complete title to 1,000 bushels of wheat of a certain description, and
the holder of the bill takes the wheat and asks no favors of anybody;
and the other is a _bill of exchange_, drawn by the grain-dealer in
Chicago on the consignee of the wheat in New York, which bill of
exchange is sold at once by the creditor in Chicago to a banker there,
provided the banker has commercial confidence in the two names on the
bill and a sufficient motive in the shape of a discount for buying it:
thus the bill of lading has in it neither element of Credit, neither
Time nor Trust, while the bill of exchange has both of these elements
in it.
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