Now this process has the two aspects which I have called mechanical and chemical. The term "_Entwicklungsmechanik_" has familiarised us with the application of the word mechanics to these processes, but on reflexion it will be seen that this comprehensive term includes two sorts of events which are sometimes readily distinguishable. There is the event by which the cell _divides_, and the event by which the two halves or their descendants are or may be _differentiated_. It is common knowledge that in some cell-divisions two similar halves, indistinguishable in appearance, properties, and subsequent fate, may be produced, while in other divisions daughter-cells with distinct properties and powers are formed. We cannot imagine but that in the first case, when the resulting cells are identical, the division is a mechanical process by which the mother-cell is simply cut in two; while in order that two differentiated halves may be produced, some event must have taken place by which a chemical distinction between the two halves is effected.[1] In any ordinary Mendelian case we have a clear proof that such a chemical difference may be established between germ-cells. The facts of colour-inheritance for instance prove that germ-cells, otherwise identical, may be formed _possessing_ the chromogen-factor which is necessary to the formation of colour in the flowers, or _destitute_ of that factor. Similarly the germ-cells may possess the ferment which, by its action on the chromogenic substance, produces the colour, or they may be without that ferment. The same line of argument applied to a great range of cases. Nevertheless, though differences in chemical properties are often thus constituted by cell-divisions, and though we are thus able to make a quasi-chemical analysis of the individual by determining and enumerating these properties, yet it is evident that the distribution of these factors is not itself a chemical process. This is proved by the fact that similar divisions may be effected between halves which are exactly alike, and also by the fact that the numbers in which the various types of germ-cells are formed negative any suggestion of valency between them. The recognition of the unit-factors may lead--indeed must lead--to great advances in chemical physiology which without that clue would have been impossible, but in causation the chemical phenomena of heredity must be regarded as secondary to the physical or mechanical phenomena by which the cells and their constituents are divided and separated. When therefore we speak of the _essential_ phenomena of heredity we mean the mechanics of division, especially, though not, as we shall see, exclusively, of _cell_-division; and in the relation between the two halves of the dividing cell we have the problem presented in what seems to be its simplest form.