Proceedings of the expedition to explore the northern coast of Africa, from Tripoly eastward : $b in MDCCCXXI. and MDCCCXXII., comprehending an account of the Greater Syrtis and Cyrenaica; and of the ancient cities composing the pentapolisBeechey, Frederick William
History
Proceedings of the expedition to explore the northern coast of Africa, from Tripoly eastward : $b in MDCCCXXI. and MDCCCXXII., comprehending an account of the Greater Syrtis and Cyrenaica; and of the ancient cities composing the pentapolis
Beechey, Frederick William
Sidra, Gulf of (Libya); Tripoli (Libya) -- Antiquities; Tripoli (Libya) -- Discovery and exploration
They usually consisted of a single chamber; at the end of which,
opposite the doorway, was an elegant, highly finished façade,
almost always of the Doric order, cut in the smooth surface of
the rock itself with great regularity and beauty of execution. It
generally represented a portico, and the number of columns by
which it was supposed to be supported varied according to the
length of the tomb. The spaces between the columns themselves also
varied; the porticoes being sometimes monotriglyph, and sometimes
ditriglyph, according to the fancy of the architect. Between the
columns were the cellæ (if we may call them so) for the reception
of the ashes or the bodies of the deceased, cut far into the rock,
at right angles with the façade; and the height of these was
necessarily regulated by that of the columns from the level of
the chamber[10]. As the spaces between the columns were wider,
or otherwise, the width of the cellæ varied accordingly, there
never being more than one of these recesses between any two of
the columns. The cellæ had often separate façades on a smaller
scale than the principal one, but always of the same order; and
they were occasionally made to represent doorways: the entrance to
them appears to have been originally closed with a tablet of stone
on which there was probably some inscription recording the names of
the persons within. In some instances part of such a tablet was left
standing, but we never found one entire in any of the tombs, and very
rarely saw fragments of them at all. As most of the chambers are,
however, much encumbered with soil washed in by the rains through
the doorway of the tomb, it is probable that some of these might
be found entire on excavating either the chambers themselves, or
the ground immediately about the entrance to them[11]. The cellæ
were sometimes sunk to a considerable depth below the levels
of the chambers, and contained ranges of bodies or cineral urns
placed one above another, each division being separated from that
above and beneath it by a slab of stone, resting on a projecting
moulding which was raised on two sides of the cella. There are
also divisions, in many instances, in the length of the cellæ,
some of them containing three and four places for bodies on the
same level, but these are always ranged (to use a naval phrase)
head and stern of each other; and we never saw an instance in which
any two of them were parallel. In fact, the width of the cella,
which, we have already stated, was regulated by the space between
the columns, would have rendered such an arrangement impossible,
since it was of the same breadth in all parts, whatever might be
its extent in length and depth. For a more complete idea of these
elegant mansions of the dead we refer our readers to the plates
containing the ground-plans and elevations of such of them as we
had time to secure on paper. It will be seen that the proportions
of the several members of the entablature varied considerably in
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