Mr Ruskin on the absence of fear in the Greek genius, Religion, to writers of the fifth century B.C., mainly a matter of festivals. In the _Euthyphron_ religion is ‘doing business with the gods,’ a form of ‘tendance’ (θεραπεία). Contrast of δεισιδαιμονία, ‘fear of spirits.’ Plutarch on ‘fear of spirits.’ Distinction drawn by Isocrates and others between Olympian and apotropaic ritual. Contrast between ‘Tendance’ (θεραπεία) and ‘Aversion’ (ἀποτροπή). Sacrifice to Zeus in Homer is a banquet shared. Contrast of the ritual of the Diasia. The holocaust or uneaten sacrifice. Ritual of the Diasia addressed primarily to an underworld snake. Superposition of the Homeric Zeus. Evidence of art. The ‘Dian’ fleece, not the ‘fleece of Zeus’ but the fleece of magical purification. Examination of the Attic calendar. The names of festivals not connected with the names of Olympian divinities. The ritual of these festivals belongs to a more primitive stratum than that of the Olympians, pp. 1-31. CHAPTER II. THE ANTHESTERIA. THE RITUAL OF GHOSTS AND SPRITES. The Anthesteria, ostensibly dedicated to Dionysos, a spring festival of the revocation and aversion of ghosts. Examination of the rites of the three days. Meaning of the Chytroi, the Choes and the Pithoigia. Derivation of the word _Anthesteria_. Rites of purgation among the Romans in February. The Feralia and Lupercalia. The ritual of ‘devotion’ (ἐναγισμοί). Contrast of θύειν and ἐναγίζειν. The word θύειν used of burnt sacrifice to the Olympians, the word ἐναγίζειν of ‘devotion’ to underworld deities. The ritual of ἀπόνιμμα. Gist of the word ἐναγίζειν is purgation by means of placation of ghosts. Contrast of ἱερεῖον, the victim sacrificed and eaten, with σφάγιον, the victim sacrificed and ‘devoted.’ The σφάγια in use for the taking of oaths, for purification, for omens, for sacrifice to winds and other underworld powers. Elements of ‘tendance’ in the ritual of ‘aversion,’ pp. 32-74. CHAPTER III. HARVEST FESTIVALS. THE THARGELIA, KALLYNTERIA, PLYNTERIA.