In each of these instances, the propaganda operators are themselves members of an audience. Furthermore, propaganda leaks, as it were, out of the channels into which it is directed. Additionally, propaganda in all countries has to compete with the normal day-to-day preoccupations of the listener--his food, his health, his hour-by-hour activities, his tangible interpersonal relationships. Save for rare moments of intense crisis, propaganda can expect to occupy only a small fraction of the audience's attention. In dictatorships, the range of propaganda can be widened by polluting all news, all theater presentations, all churches, etc., with the "Party line," but visitors to totalitarian capitals--of both the Fascist and Communist varieties--report that most of the common people have become calloused with apathy, over-all disbelief, or skepticism as a result of overexposure to official indoctrination. Hence a written estimate of the situation follows _not_ from some special Psychological Warfare situation, but from the practical measures available. If desired, it can summarize the following points: 1. DEFINITION OF THE AUDIENCE _a._ Medium through which reached _b._ Anticipated attention (including means of getting attention) _c._ Pertinent characteristics (from propaganda intelligence report) 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL GOALS TO BE SOUGHT _a._ Attention of the enemy _b._ Present-goal (if strategic, opinion or sentiment; if tactical, action) _c._ Ultimate goal (applicable to strategic only) 3. LIMITATIONS OF POLICY _a._ National political limitations _b._ Limitation by adverse factual situation _c._ Limitations arising from one's own security 4. MEDIA AVAILABLE _a._ Kind and quality of media to be used 5. THE PROPAGANDA MAN _a._ Descriptive appreciation of a typical audience member 6. COMPETITIVE FACTORS _a._ Listener's non-propaganda preoccupations _b._ Continuation of adverse indoctrination _c._ Effect of news available both to one's self and to listener _d._ Competitive effect of hostile propaganda 7. RELATION TO GENERAL (MILITARY) ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION _a._ Timing relationships _1._ Contingency plans _2._ Contingency prohibitions _b._ Contribution of Psychological Warfare to operations planning _1._ Combat operations psychologically advisable _2._ Combat operations subject to propaganda exploitation _3._ Operations providing adverse propaganda with opportunity _c._ Correlation of Psychological Warfare with _1._ Public relations programming _2._ Information and education plans _3._ Medical plans and reporting _4._ Countersubversive functions