Psychology and Pedagogy of AngerRichardson, Roy Franklin
Science
Psychology and Pedagogy of Anger
Richardson, Roy Franklin
Anger
No apology is offered for this study because of the uncontrolled
conditions of introspection. Emotions are involuntary processes and
consequently do not lend themselves to voluntary control necessary for
laboratory technique. The emotion springs from an antecedent complex
combined with a present idea. The fact that anger does not develop from
a single experience but is a predetermined consciousness usually
cumulative in character, makes voluntary origin difficult. Even when the
individual is aware of the antecedent which tends to give rise to anger,
the voluntary combination with a present idea is unsuccessful. A further
difficulty in introspection is the tendency of the emotion to disappear
as a result of the act of introspection. It occurs frequently in the
data that a further development of the emotion is entirely cut off by
introspection. However, attention to the situation giving rise to anger
frequently reinstates the emotion, if the feeling background is intense
enough. It was necessary to instruct the observers to allow their
emotions to run their usual course and note the facts of behavior at
convenient times. The purpose of this study is to investigate the
behavior of consciousness in the development, expression and
disappearance of anger. The observers were asked to direct their
observation especially to the behavior side of consciousness. It is
believed, that regardless of the necessary uncontrolled conditions of
introspection, that a systematic observation of both mild and intense
experiences of anger by a number of observers over an extended period of
time will add to a better comprehension of the functional character of
this one of the fundamental emotions.
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CHAPTER ONE
MENTAL SITUATION STIMULATING ANGER
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Professor Titchener (19) states concerning emotions in general three
essential factors for their formation. First, a series of ideas shall be
interrupted by a vivid feeling; second, the feeling shall mirror a
situation or incident in the outside world; and third, the feeling shall
be enriched by organic sensations created by the course of bodily
adjustment to the situation. It has been well agreed from casual
introspection that the stimulus to an emotion is a total mental
situation or predicament. It is evidently necessary in the psychology of
the emotions that each emotion should be studied in connection with its
predetermining mental situation giving rise to it. Anger because of its
slowness to develop, lends itself more readily to a study of the
situation from which it arises, than some other emotions.
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