Human Learning 311 Human Compared with Animal Learning 313 Learning by Observation 317 The Learning of Complex Practical Performances 321 Higher Units and Overlapping 323 Moderate Skill Acquired in the Ordinary Day's Work 326 Habit 328 Exercises 330 References 331 CHAPTER XIV MEMORY 332 The Process of Memorizing 333 Economy in Memorizing 333 Unintentional Learning 346 Retention 348 Recall 364 Recognition 357 Memory Training 360 Exercises 364 References 365 CHAPTER XV ASSOCIATION AND MENTAL IMAGERY 366 What Can Be Recalled 366 Memory Images 368 Limitations of Imagery 371 The Question of Non-Sensory Recall 373 Hallucinations 375 Free Association 376 Controlled Association 381 Examples of Controlled Association 384 Exercises 386 References 388 CHAPTER XVI THE LAWS OF ASSOCIATION 389 The Law of Exercise 389 The Law of Effect 391 Limitations of the Law of Exercise 393 Association by Similarity 395 Association by Contiguity 396 The Law of Combination 398 The Law of Combination in Recall 413 The Laws of Learning in Terms of the Neurones 414 Exercises 418 References 418 CHAPTER XVII PERCEPTION 418 Some Definitions 421 The Difference Between Perception and Sensation 423 Perception and Image 425 Perception and Motor Reaction 427 What Sort of Response, Then, Is Perception? 431 Practiced Perception 433 Corrected Perception 435 Sensory Data Serving as Signs of Various Sorts of Fact 437 The Perception of Space 439 Esthetic Perception 443 Social Perception 444 Errors of Perception 446 Illusions 450 Exercises 460 References 461 CHAPTER XVIII REASONING 462 Animal and Human Exploration 463 Reasoning Culminates in Inference 465 Varieties of Reasoning 468 Deductive and Inductive Reasoning 474 Psychology and Logic 476