Psychopathology and politicsLasswell, Harold D. (Harold Dwight)
Science
Psychopathology and politics
Lasswell, Harold D. (Harold Dwight)
Personality and politics; Political science; Psychoanalysis; Psychology, Pathological
Special studies of dominating and submissive types in various
situations ought to be made with some reference to the reaction-type
classifications for the age period which are made by competent
students. Since puberty-adolescence is of so much importance, the
categories which are proposed in the literature ought to be examined
by the special investigator. H. Hoffman gives a modified list of the
puberty types described by Spranger and Croner in one section of
his general book on character formation.[72] Suggestions on various
distortions of development which lie behind certain forms of dominating
and submissive behavior are to be found in August Aichhorn’s lectures
on _Verwahrloste Jugend_.[73] This is the most valuable book to a
student of youth which has yet been explicitly devoted to the subject
by an analyst. Aichhorn reports in his eighth lecture the results of an
extremely important experiment which he made with the most aggressive
and uncontrollable boys under his supervision (he has served for many
years as the head of a home for homeless boys). The whole group was
put together, and the staff members were instructed never to interfere
with them, short of stopping permanent injury. These “hard-boiled”
youths broke up the furniture, mauled one another, and wore out several
attendants before they gradually tamed down. After having learned that
they could not taunt the environment into punishing them, and into
justifying their own suspicions of it, they went through a process
of character re-education. The behavior of the group is reported in
graphical form, and representative instances of what occurred are
recited in the text of the lecture. Several specific genetic hypotheses
are set up to explain particular kinds of behavior on the part of the
boys with whom Aichhorn has had intimate touch.[74]
Will we be able to predict from objective studies made of preadolescent
boys who dominate their play groups that one set of them will stand
a high chance of dominating play and work groups in adolescence? Can
we thus isolate rather stable developmental sequences for various
trait constellations which are of direct importance to the student of
politics? Can we achieve a composite picture for a given culture by
studying overlapping age groups for a two-year period? Certainly the
way is becoming clearer to an effective relationship between political
science and the disciplines associated with the study of the growing
individual.
One of the difficulties which lie in the path of successful
collaboration with psychiatrists and child psychologists is that the
political scientists have not themselves made it entirely clear just
what the adult differentials are whose genetic history they would like
to understand. What are the questions about the specifically political
life of the individual which the political scientist would like to
have included in any master-inventory of possible facts about the
intensively studied individual?
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