Induced radio-activity also results from leaving certain substances in
solution with uranium. The experiment succeeded in the case of barium.
If, as was done by M. Debierne, sulphuric acid be added to a solution
containing uranium and barium, the precipitate of barium sulphate
acquires radio-activity, and, at the same time, the uranium salt loses
part of its activity. M. Becquerel found, after repeating this
experiment several times, that almost inactive uranium was obtained.
This might lead to the opinion that a radio-active body differing from
uranium had been separated from the latter, its presence producing
radio-activity in uranium. This, however, is not the case, for after
some months the uranium regains its original activity; the precipitated
barium sulphate, on the contrary, loses what it acquired.
A similar phenomenon is observed with thorium. Mr. Rutherford
precipitated a solution of a salt of thorium with ammonia; he separated
off the solution and evaporated it to dryness. He thus obtained a small
very active residue, and the precipitated thorium was observed to be
less active than before. This active residue, to which Mr. Rutherford
gives the name of _thorium_ X, loses its activity after a time, whilst
the thorium regains its original activity.
It appears, then, that concerning induced radio-activity all bodies do
not behave in a similar manner, and that certain of them are much more
readily excited than others.
_Dissemination of Radio-active Particles and Induced Radio-activity of
the Laboratory._
In making investigations of strongly radio-active bodies, particular
precautions must be observed for obtaining delicate determinations. The
different objects used in the chemical laboratory and those used for
physical experiments soon acquire radio-activity, and act upon
photographic plates through black paper. Dust particles, the air of the
room, clothing, all become radio-active. The air of the room becomes a
conductor. In our laboratory the evil has become acute, and we no longer
have any apparatus properly insulated.
Special precautions must therefore be taken to avoid as much as possible
the dissemination of active dust particles, and to avoid also the
phenomena of induced activity.
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