The inside of a long glass tube was covered with equal areas of thin
metal, including aluminium, iron, copper, silver, lead, and platinum. A
large amount of radium emanation was introduced into the tube, and the
tube closed. After seven days the metal plates were removed, and, after
allowing two days to elapse for the ordinary excited activity to
disappear, the residual activity of the plates was tested by an
electrometer. The activity of the plates was found to be unequal, being
greatest for copper and silver, and least for aluminium. The activity of
copper was twice as great as that of aluminium. After standing for
another week the activity of the plates was again tested. The activity
of each had diminished in the interval to some extent, but the initial
differences observed had to a large extent disappeared. After reaching a
minimum value the activity of each plate slowly but steadily increased
at the same rate. After a month’s interval the activity of each of the
plates was nearly the same, and more than three times the minimum value.
The initial irregularities in the decay curves of the different metals
are, in all probability, due to slight but different degrees of
absorption of the radium emanation by the metal plates, the absorption
being greatest for copper and silver and least for aluminium. As the
occluded emanation was slowly released or lost its activity, the
activity of the metal fell to a limiting value. The absorption of the
radium emanation by lead, paraffin, and caoutchouc has been noticed by
Curie and Danne (section 182).
The residual activity on the plates comprised both α and β rays, the
latter being present, in all cases, in a very unusual proportion. The
equality of the activity and the identity of the radiation emitted from
each plate show that the residual activity is due to changes of some
form of matter deposited on the plates, and that it cannot be ascribed
to an action of the intense radiations; for if such were the case, it
would be expected that the activity produced on the different plates
would vary not only in quantity, but also in quality. This result is
confirmed by the observation that the active matter can be removed from
a platinum plate by solution in sulphuric acid, and has other
distinctive chemical and physical properties.
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