Faults of construction or repair 95 Faults to be detected only by periodical examination 62 Faults which should be prevented by careful attendants 54 Extraneous or uncertain causes 8 --- Total 219 --- By these 219 explosions 315 persons were killed and 450 injured. The following are the particulars of the construction of the 219 exploded boilers:-- Cornish, Lancashire, or other boilers with internal flues 84 Plain Cylindrical boilers or others without internal flues 54 Marine boilers 12 Agricultural boilers 11 Locomotive boilers 10 Furnace-upright boilers 8 Crane boilers 6 Rag steamers, &c. 6 Balloon and Elephant boilers 5 Domestic boilers, &c. 16 Not sufficiently described 7 --- Total 219 --- The causes of these 219 explosions may also be classed as follows:-- Worn out, corroded, or burnt plates 89 Undue pressure, overloaded valves, intentional or from carelessness 25 Bad construction, defective fittings or stays, or want of repair 69 Shortness of water, formation of scale or mud, or external flues set too high 28 Extraneous or uncertain causes 8 --- Total 219 --- Sketches are given of the most instructive examples of boiler explosions during the last four years, which are sufficient to explain themselves, with a brief reference to their special features. * * * * * [Illustration: _Fig. 1._]