Religio Medici, Hydriotaphia, and the Letter to a FriendBrowne, Thomas, Sir
Religion
Religio Medici, Hydriotaphia, and the Letter to a Friend
Browne, Thomas, Sir
Christian ethics; Christian life; Essays; Funeral rites and ceremonies; Medical ethics; Medicine -- History; Religion and medicine
The Jewish nation, though they entertained the old way of inhumation,
yet sometimes admitted this practice. For the men of Jabesh burnt
the body of Saul; and by no prohibited practice, to avoid contagion
or pollution, in time of pestilence, burnt the bodies of their
friends.[AJ] And when they burnt not their dead bodies, yet sometimes
used great burnings near and about them, deducible from the expressions
concerning Jehoram, Zedechias, and the sumptuous pyre of Asa. And were
so little averse from Pagan burning, that the Jews lamenting the death
of Cæsar their friend, and revenger on Pompey, frequented the place
where his body was burnt for many nights together. And as they raised
noble monuments and mausoleums for their own nation,[AK] so they were
not scrupulous in erecting some for others, according to the practice
of Daniel, who left that lasting sepulchral pile in Ecbatana, for the
Median and Persian kings.[AL]
[AJ] Amos vi. 10.
[AK] As in that magnificent sepulchral monument erected by Simon.--1
_Macc._ xiii.
[AL] κατασκεύασμα θαυμασίως πεποιημένον, whereof a Jewish priest had
always custody until Josephus’ days.--_Jos. Antiq._, lib. x.
But even in times of subjection and hottest use, they conformed not
unto the Roman practice of burning; whereby the prophecy was secured
concerning the body of Christ, that it should not see corruption, or
a bone should not be broken; which we believe was also providentially
prevented, from the soldier’s spear and nails that passed by the little
bones both in his hands and feet; not of ordinary contrivance, that
it should not corrupt on the cross, according to the laws of Roman
crucifixion, or an hair of his head perish, though observable in Jewish
customs, to cut the hair of malefactors.
Nor in their long cohabitation with Egyptians, crept into a custom of
their exact embalming, wherein deeply slashing the muscles, and taking
out the brains and entrails, they had broken the subject of so entire a
resurrection, nor fully answered the types of Enoch, Elijah, or Jonah,
which yet to prevent or restore, was of equal facility unto that rising
power able to break the fasciations and bands of death, to get clear
out of the cerecloth, and an hundred pounds of ointment, and out of the
sepulchre before the stone was rolled from it.
But though they embraced not this practice of burning, yet entertained
they many ceremonies agreeable unto Greek and Roman obsequies. And
he that observeth their funeral feasts, their lamentations at the
grave, their music, and weeping mourners; how they closed the eyes of
their friends, how they washed, anointed, and kissed the dead; may
easily conclude these were not mere Pagan civilities. But whether
that mournful burthen, and treble calling out after Absalom, had any
reference unto the last conclamation, and triple valediction, used by
other nations, we hold but a wavering conjecture.
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