Religio Medici, Hydriotaphia, and the Letter to a FriendBrowne, Thomas, Sir
Religion
Religio Medici, Hydriotaphia, and the Letter to a Friend
Browne, Thomas, Sir
Christian ethics; Christian life; Essays; Funeral rites and ceremonies; Medical ethics; Medicine -- History; Religion and medicine
But that the Druids and ruling priests used to burn and bury, is
expressed by Pomponius; that Bellinus, the brother of Brennus, and King
of the Britons, was burnt, is acknowledged by Polydorus, as also by
Amandus Zierexensis in _Historia_ and Pineda in his _Universa Historia_
(Spanish). That they held that practice in Gallia, Cæsar expressly
delivereth. Whether the Britons (probably descended from them, of like
religion, language, and manners) did not sometimes make use of burning,
or whether at least such as were after civilized unto the Roman life
and manners, conformed not unto this practice, we have no historical
assertion or denial. But since, from the account of Tacitus, the Romans
early wrought so much civility upon the British stock, that they
brought them to build temples, to wear the gown, and study the Roman
laws and language, that they conformed also unto their religious rites
and customs in burials, seems no improbable conjecture.
That burning the dead was used in Sarmatia is affirmed by Gaguinus;
that the Sueons and Gathlanders used to burn their princes and great
persons, is delivered by Saxo and Olaus; that this was the old German
practice, is also asserted by Tacitus. And though we are bare in
historical particulars of such obsequies in this island, or that the
Saxons, Jutes, and Angles burnt their dead, yet came they from parts
where ’twas of ancient practice; the Germans using it, from whom they
were descended. And even in Jutland and Sleswick in Anglia Cymbrica,
urns with bones were found not many years before us.
But the Danish and northern nations have raised an era or point of
compute from their custom of burning their dead: some deriving it from
Unguinus, some from Frotho the great, who ordained by law, that princes
and chief commanders should be committed unto the fire, though the
common sort had the common grave interment. So Starkatterus, that old
hero, was burnt, and Ringo royally burnt the body of Harold the king
slain by him.
What time this custom generally expired in that nation, we discern no
assured period; whether it ceased before Christianity, or upon their
conversion, by Ausgurius the Gaul, in the time of Ludovicus Pius, the
son of Charles the Great, according to good computes; or whether it
might not be used by some persons, while for an hundred and eighty
years Paganism and Christianity were promiscuously embraced among
them, there is no assured conclusion. About which times the Danes were
busy in England, and particularly infested this country; where many
castles and strongholds were built by them, or against them, and great
number of names and families still derived from them. But since this
custom was probably disused before their invasion or conquest, and the
Romans confessedly practised the same since their possession of this
island, the most assured account will fall upon the Romans, or Britons
Romanized.
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