Remarks upon the solar and the lunar years, the cycle of 19 years, commonly called the golden number, the epact, and a method of finding the time of Easter, as it is now observed in most parts of EuropeMacclesfield, George Parker, Earl of
Religion
Remarks upon the solar and the lunar years, the cycle of 19 years, commonly called the golden number, the epact, and a method of finding the time of Easter, as it is now observed in most parts of Europe
Macclesfield, George Parker, Earl of
Calendar -- Early works to 1800; Calendar reform -- Early works to 1800; Easter -- Early works to 1800
It is plain however that the Lunar Year will have lost one Day more
than ordinary, with respect to the Solar Year, whenever the New Moons
shall have anticipated a whole Day; as they will have done at those
times, when it is necessary that the Golden Numbers should, by the
Rule just now given, be set back one Day: and consequently the Epact,
for that and the succeeding Years, must exceed by an Unit the several
corresponding Epacts of the preceding 19 Years.
For the Epact is the Difference, in whole Days, betwixt the common
_Julian_ Solar and the Lunar Year; the former being reckoned to consist
of 365, and the latter of only 354 Days. If therefore the Solar and
the Lunar Year at any time should commence on the same Day, the Solar
would, at the End of the Year, have exceeded the Lunar by 11 Days;
which Number 11 would be the Epact of the next Year: 22 would be
the Epact of the Year following, and 33 the Epact of the Year after
that, the Epacts increasing yearly by 11. But as often as this yearly
Addition makes the Epact exceed 30, those 30 are rejected as making
an intercalary Month, and only the Excess of the Epact above 30 is
accounted the true Epact for that Year. Thus when the Epact would
amount to 31, 32, 33, 34, _&c._ the 30 is rejected, and the Epact
becomes 1, 2, 3, 4, _&c._
Since therefore the Lunar Year will have lost a Day more than ordinary,
in respect of the Solar Year, whenever it is necessary to set the
Golden Numbers one Day back, as was before observed; it follows, that
the Epact must at the same time be increased by an Unit more than
usual: the Difference betwixt the Solar and the Lunar Year having been
just so much greater than usual. That is, 12 must be added, instead of
11, to the Epact of the preceding, in order to form what will be the
Epact of the then present Year. Which Addition of an Unit extraordinary
to one Epact will occasion all the subsequent Epacts (which will follow
each other in the usual manner, each exceeding the foregoing by 11) to
be greater by an Unit than their respectively corresponding Epacts of
the preceding 19 Years.
If therefore, instead of the Golden Numbers, the Epacts of the several
Years were prefixed, in the manner the _Gregorians_ have done, to the
Days of the Calendar, in order to denote the Days on which the New
Moons fall in those Years whereof those Numbers are the Epacts; there
would never be Occasion to shift the Places of those Epacts in the
Calendar; since the Augmentation by an Unit extraordinary of the Epacts
themselves would answer the Purpose, and keep all tolerably right.
Thus in a very easy Method may the Course of the New Moons be pointed
out, either by the Golden Numbers, or by the Epacts, according to the
_Julian_ Account or Manner of adjusting the Year, which goes on regular
and uniform without any Variation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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