Report on the Migration of Birds in the Autumn of 1879. [First Report]Harvie-Brown, J. A. (John Alexander)
Science
Report on the Migration of Birds in the Autumn of 1879. [First Report]
Harvie-Brown, J. A. (John Alexander)
Birds -- Migration -- Great Britain -- Periodicals
Besides the records under the various species which have been
identified, there are many records of birds striking or passing, which
were not identified. It is from a comparison of these and the other
records that I arrive at the conclusion that the above stations are the
most favoured. Thus, large numbers of birds struck the lantern of Bell
Rock, and were lost between midnight and dawn on Oct. 7th, and again on
the 14th, between 3 a.m. and dawn; on both occasions in foggy, hazy, or
rainy weather, &c., as is almost invariably the case. I have not been
able to trace from actual data, except in a few cases, the direction
of the flight of the migrants, as such has not, as a rule, been noted
by the reporters. It would be an advantage to have this done next
season, under the column in the schedule for "General Observations."
The species which have appeared in greatest numbers are Thrushes and
Blackbirds, Larks, Wheatears, and Swallows; whilst Hooded Crows--noted
as most numerous on the English east coast--are absent from all the
Scottish returns, and Rooks occur only in one very far north instance,
_viz._, at North Unst.
The line of flight of the _Anatidæ_ is generally from N. to S., as
explained further on by Mr. Cordeaux. I may mention here that this
holds generally also on the west coast of Scotland, but that the
lines of flight of the _Insessores_ are influenced by local causes,
and configuration and trend of the west coast. Thus the direction,
according to previous experience, is often from N.W. to S.E. When
migrating over or near land the lines of flight follow the great
valleys and then the coast-lines, often cutting off promontories, as
at the Ross of Mull. These are probably birds having a starting-point
more to the N.W.,--the Hebrides, Iceland, and North America,--and
others which in their migrations from east to west overshoot the land
and "hark back"; but we will speak more of this in our remarks under
"West Coast." Land birds have passed at all hours of the day and
night, flying generally low, and in almost all kinds of weather. The
_Anatidæ_, as a rule, fly much higher, and consequently are only seen,
or almost only, in clear weather.
Almost all records of birds caught or killed, or striking at the
lanterns, are noted on dark or cloudy nights, with fog, haze or rain,
or snow and sleet. The isolated stations, such as the Bell Rock, are
most deadly; many are stunned and killed, and blown into the sea, at
such localities. Birds on such nights often remain around the lights
all night or rest on the window-sills of the tower and the balconies,
or endeavour to obtain entrance to the tower. Whenever dawn appears
they resume their flight towards the nearest land.
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