Researches on the Visual Organs of the TrilobitesLindström, Gustaf
Science
Researches on the Visual Organs of the Trilobites
Lindström, Gustaf
Trilobites
As BEECHER has shown[34] the larva of Trinucleus possesses quite
the same transverse ridge with intumescent eyelike extremities, and
although the smallness of the specimens has not permitted to ascertain
the presence of a true eye, it may be apposite to suppose it on the
homology with the eyes of Harpes, a genus with which Trinucleus is
related. But as well known, in the adult Trinuclei there is no trace
of these ocular ridges nor of real eyes so that BEECHER in his paper
»Blind Trilobites»[35] numerates Trinucleus amongst these. Out of the
nine Scandinavian species of Trinucleus no less than seven have a well
marked little tubercle on each side of the glabella placed exactly on
the same spot where the larval Trinuclei had their much larger eyes
placed. In this case it may be allowed to suppose that the tubercles
are the direct successors of the larval eye and that they are true
ocelli. REEDE seems to be willing to regard them as possessing a visual
function.[36] BEECHER[37] holds the eye nodules in the larva and the
ocelli in the adult to be identical.
[Footnote 34: Structure and appendages of Trinucleus.]
[Footnote 35: Geol. Magazine 1898. pp. 439, 493, 552.]
[Footnote 36: l. c. p. 447.]
[Footnote 37: l. c. p. 309.]
But, as BARRANDE has shown,[38] there is a certain species of
Trinucleus, the larva of which wants a facial ridge and eyes, as there
also are several adult forms without ocelli. These have remained on
a much ancestral stage, while the larva with eyes are more highly
developed in such species, where the adult have been subject to a
retrograde development. Ampyx and Dionide, though completely blind,
evidently belong to this group, and once, as is to be hoped, larval
forms may be discovered showing their development. In a certain way
Arethusina shows characters proper for this group, in having the
straight ocular ridge, quite as in Harpes, but eyes of the reticulate
type and probably prismatic. It thus like Harpes conserved an ancestral
characteristic long periods since it had disappeared in most of the
other genera.
[Footnote 38: Sys. Sil. de Bohéme I, pl. 30, figs 41-50.]
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