Researches on the Visual Organs of the Trilobites — John Shaqi
Researches on the Visual Organs of the TrilobitesLindström, Gustaf
Science
Researches on the Visual Organs of the Trilobites
Lindström, Gustaf
Trilobites
Agnostus glandiformis ANG. Although there is not the slightest evidence
of eyes in this the largest of its genus, nor any free hypostoma
hitherto has been found, we may here give a little account of our
researches into this species. The scantiness of material forms a chief
obstacle to our knowledge. Only three entire, rolled up specimens have
been found, and it is by sectioning and preparing such that any hope
can be entertained to gain reliable results.
A rolled up specimen from Andrarum Scania was sectioned lengthwise.
The tail-piece closed tight against the head-shield, so there had
been little chance for foreign matter to penetrate into the interior
which, however, is filled. Close below the cephalic shield there is a
remarkable structure, mostly resembling an elongated intestine with
swellings joined by more narrow ducts and anteriorly the coherence is
interrupted. As in crustaceans and Arthropods in general the stomach
and the intestine are situated on the dorsal side of the body, there is
nothing unlikely in assuming that this in reality may be the remnants
of the intestine. This may also be compared with the observation
made by VOLLBORTH in his memoir »Ueber die mit glatten Rumpfgliedern
versehenen Trilobiten», 1863, p. 46, tab. 1 fig. 12 where the
heart-tube probably is delineated. BARRANDE has also given figures of
what he considers as the intestine in Trinucleus.
Below this organ in Agnostus, there lies a section of a vaulted
calcareous plate with its convexity turned against the dorsal side of
the head shield, that is to say quite the reverse what might have been
expected if it had been the hypostoma in its true position. This may,
however, not be any objection against considering it as a sectioned
hypostoma, loosened from its connection with the cephalic shield,
disturbed in its original position and turned round, when the shell
became filled with mud. At the distal end there is a much distinct
duplicature.
=Asaphus= BRONGN.
The wellknown hypostoma of this genus has the same characteristic
shape, though more pronounced, as in Ptychopyge, with its posterior
margin deeply indented, so as to form two large, pointed lobes. There
is properly only one median field, surrounded by flat, lateral borders,
continuing down into the posterior lobes, from which it is separated
through a shallow groove. The macula are situated in this groove, on
each side of the inferior border of the central field. They are more
or less prominent, but whatever their form may be, their surface is
always entirely smooth, lying well circumscribed amidst the surrounding
terrace lines.
The following list enumerates all the species in this genus, of which
previous authors have delineated the tubercles, though they in the
descriptions only in very few instances have mentioned their presence.
_A. acuminatus_ NIECZKOWSKI, »Zusätze zur Monogr. der Trilobiten 1859»,
tab. I, f. 6. Maculæ most prominent, but no mention made of them in the
description.
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