Richard III: His Life & Character, Reviewed in the Light of Recent Research — John Shaqi
Richard III: His Life & Character, Reviewed in the Light of Recent ResearchMarkham, Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir
History
Richard III: His Life & Character, Reviewed in the Light of Recent Research
Markham, Clements R. (Clements Robert), Sir
Great Britain -- Kings and rulers -- Biography; Richard III, King of England, 1452-1485
On the ground between Towton and Saxton the Lancastrian army was
encamped. The centre, led by the Earl of Northumberland and Sir
Richard Percy, with Lord Welles and Sir Andrew Trollope, was formed
across the road leading up from Saxton. To the east, forming the
Lancastrian left, Lord Dacre and his brother-in-law Lord FitzHugh were
encamped on some land called 'North Acres.' To the west, forming the
right wing, were the Earls of Devonshire and Wiltshire, and Lords
Hungerford and Beaumont. The Dukes of Somerset and Exeter commanded a
reserve at Towton village.
When Lord Fauconberg arrived at Saxton he ascertained the position of
the enemy and sent intelligence to the King. Edward had probably
reached Sherburn by that time, and he at once pushed forward to the
neighbourhood of Saxton. The whole Yorkist force numbered 48,640 men,
including the reserves, which were still at Pomfret under the Duke of
Norfolk.
Palm Sunday dawned and found the host of young Edward facing the long
array of Lancastrians. It was bitterly cold. The advance up the
hillside from Saxton village was made between eight and nine o'clock in
the forenoon, and when the hostile forces came in sight there was a
great shouting. At the same time snow began to fall. The wind was
northerly in the early morning, but it veered round, became fresher,
and by nine o'clock it was driving the snow full into the faces of the
Lancastrian troops. The two armies, just before they closed, were {32}
separated by an undulating depression which marks the exact position.
Lord Fauconberg caused every archer under his standard to shoot one
flight of arrows and then halt. The enemy felt the volley, but could
not judge of distances on account of the blinding snow. Their arrows
fell short. As soon as the quivers of the enemy were nearly empty,
Lord Fauconberg gave the order for his archers to advance, shooting as
they came on, and they not only shot off their own arrows, but gathered
those of the enemy and sent many of them back whence they came. Then
the Earl of Northumberland ordered his men to close, and the battle
became a fierce hand-to-hand combat all along the line. For several
hours the desperate conflict continued, ebbing and flowing with
doubtful result, the snow still falling. King Edward was everywhere,
exhorting and encouraging the men, leading them on when they wavered,
and helping the wounded out of the fray. The struggle was obstinate
and long doubtful. Men were falling fast on both sides. Lord Scrope
of Bolton was severely wounded. Robert Home, the valiant captain of
Kent, who came from Appledore on the Rother, fell dead.
Messengers had been sent in hot haste to hurry up the Duke of Norfolk
with the reserves. He arrived at about noon. With his trusty
lieutenants Wenlock and Dynham, he led his men up the road from
Sherburn, keeping well to the east of Saxton, and ailing upon the
Lancastrian left flank at 'North Acres.'
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