Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religionHartland, Edwin Sidney
Religion
Ritual and belief : $b Studies in the history of religion
Hartland, Edwin Sidney
Ethnopsychology; Magic; Religion; Rites and ceremonies
to the unknown and dimly conceived powers of the universe about him!
We have no word to render the Fijian _mana_, the Siouan _wakan_, the
Malagasy _andria-manitra_. {18} Conversely, scarce a savage language
can render our word “God.” Over and over again missionaries have
sought, and sought in vain, for a native word for the purpose. When
they have fixed upon one, as often as not they have had to confess a
blunder; and many times in despair they have invented a word. The idea
embodied in the acts by which the mysterious relations between man and
the supernatural are emphasized and knit together is equally incapable
of translation by any one vocable. A Roman Catholic missionary,
speaking of the religious assembly of the Creeks of North America,
says: “The _mitewewin_ represents the highest expression of magic
(_maeghiw_ or _maskikiy_) among the nations of the Algonkian stock.
The word, in fact, signifies at the same time labour, occupation,
judgement, adoration, and sacrifice. It is a religious act addressed
to the _powakans_, or animal fetishes, and a sort of Illinoian
freemasonry requiring initiation and inviolable secrecy; it is a
camp-meeting…; it is the grand council of an entire nation.”[18.1]
These sentences afford an excellent example of the difficulty of
translating the native ideas into English words. They unite a brave
and more or less successful attempt to convey the notion of
_mitewewin_, with incidental but none the less certain failures in the
cases of _maeghiw_ or _maskikiy_ and _powakan_. For none of them would
a single English word, or even a phrase, be adequate.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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