[211.1] _Zeits. v. Rechtsw._, xxvii. 85. A widow remains four months in her hut, subject to a corresponding taboo. Among the Negroes of Surinam, before a widow or widower marries again, an offering of food and drink must be made to the ghost in order to obtain permission for the new marriage. The new spouse will be considered as belonging, even if not actually so belonging, to the family of the deceased. The widow or widower may not leave the house for three months, nor do any work (_ibid._, 395, 394). [211.2] _Ibid._, xxv. 99 _sqq._ [212.1] _Zeits. v. Rechtsw._, xxv. 107. The Fõ Negresses in Togoland also fear to be haunted by their deceased husbands, who may kill them, or at least drive them mad. But this is said to be only when they have neglected them during life (_Anthropos_, vii. 307). [213.1] Pechuël-Loesche, 308 _sqq._ The ghosts of women who have died in childbed are frequently the objects of dread in areas far apart. The belief is common in the East Indian Archipelago (see Wilken, iii. 224 _sqq._). Such a ghost is called by the inhabitants of the Island of Serang, in the Moluccas, _Putiana_. She appears after death as a great white bird, or else as a beautiful woman with fragrant clothing, who attacks pregnant women, or seduces and then with her long nails emasculates men. The most elaborate precautions are taken against her (Riedel, 112). Among the Shans of the Upper Chindwin Valley, Burma, the husband feigns madness, and undergoes a special purification (_F. L._, xxiii. 470). [214.1] Bastian, _San Salvador_, 100. Among the Fans, further to the north, as Frazer notes (Balder, ii. 18, quoting W. L. Priklonsky in Bastian’s _Allerlei aus Volks- und Menschenkunde_), at the end of the mourning ceremonies the widows are purified by passing over a lighted brazier and sitting down with leaves still burning under their feet. Their heads are then shaved, and they are shared between the heirs of the deceased. [215.1] Rev. J. H. Weeks, _Folk-Lore_, xix. 430; xxi. 463. [216.1] Junod, _R. E. S._, i. 162; _id._, _The Fate of the Widows amongst the Ba-Ronga_, reprinted from the report of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science, 1908 (Grahamstown, Cape Colony, 1909), 5. It is fair to say that another and somewhat more popular account by M. Junod states: “The night [after the burial] has come. All the widows sleep in the open, their huts, which belonged to the deceased, being taboo. If it rains, they sleep in other huts of the village” (_S. A. Tribe_, i. 145). I do not know how to reconcile these two statements. I have adopted that which M. Junod has twice affirmed, the articles in the _R. E. S._ being particularly detailed and precise. Among the northern clans of the Thonga, he tells us (_S. A. Tribe_, i. 150) that the first night of mourning “everyone [_scil._ in the village] sleeps in the open.”