NEW YORK, 1922. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE FROM ART TO ENGINEERING 1 Instructions to Barlow regarding the “Drawings and Descriptions”. Fulton’s youth (1765–1782). Residence in England studying art (1786–1793). Change from art to engineering as a vocation (1793). Arrival in France (1798). CHAPTER II EARLY ATTEMPTS AT SUB-SURFACE NAVIGATION 15 Fulton’s first efforts for mechanical navigation. Some early submarines: Bourne, Van Drebbel, Mercenne, de Son, Wilkins, Bushnell. CHAPTER III FULTON’S FIRST SUBMARINE 24 Fulton begins work on a submarine (1797). Nautilus launched at Rouen (1800). Havre experiments. Fulton aided by Monge and Laplace. Received in audience by Napoleon Bonaparte. Hopes and disappointments. CHAPTER IV NEGOTIATIONS WITH FRANCE 39 Nautilus reconstructed and tested at Brest (1801). Reports to Monge, Laplace and Volney. Great expectations. Final rejection (1802). Partnership with Robert R. Livingston. Work begun on steamboat. British Admiralty aware of his submarine accomplishment. Induced to return to England (May, 1804). CHAPTER V THE “DRAWINGS AND DESCRIPTIONS” 54 CHAPTER VI THE BRITISH CONTRACT 78 Size of the “Drawings and Descriptions.” Pseudonyms. Proposals. Contract with the British government. Was Fulton false to his principles in supporting Great Britain against France? His financial position under the contract. CHAPTER VII EXPERIENCE IN ENGLAND 93 Attack on fleet at Boulogne. Torpedoing of Dorothea (1805). Effect of Trafalgar on Fulton’s work. Copies of “Drawings and Descriptions.” Intent of government not to proceed with the submarine. Correspondence with Lord Hawkesbury and Mr. Pitt (1804). Commission of investigation appointed. Decision adverse to a submarine. Nevertheless Pitt signs contract. CHAPTER VIII NEGOTIATIONS WITH CABINET 103 Fulton begins to have doubts of accomplishment (1805). Correspondence with Mr. Pitt and Lord Castlereagh reciting his contract, rights and claims. Pitt dies (Jan. 1806) and Fulton begins anew with Lord Grenville and Lord Howick. CHAPTER IX