FURTHER CORRESPONDENCE 114 Demand for arbitrators. Further correspondence with Lord Grenville and Howick. CHAPTER X THE FAILURE OF THE NEGOTIATIONS 124 Arbitrators appointed. Fulton’s presentation of his case (Aug. 1806). Arbitrators decide against Fulton. He makes a last appeal to Lord Grenville, reviewing whole case (Sept. 1806). No reply. CHAPTER XI RETURN TO AMERICA 139 Summary of the British Negotiations. America used as a threat. Offer of neutrality. Fulton’s review of the past and plans for the future. Appeal to Jefferson. Departure for home. CHAPTER XII EXAMINATION OF FULTON’S DESIGN 146 What the Nautilus accomplished. The British design compared with that of the Nautilus. Folding propeller. Horizontal propeller. Details of machinery. Effectiveness of the vessel. Screening the Channel. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Robert Fulton (self-portrait) _Frontispiece_ TO FACE PAGE Title page of “Report on the Canal between the Rivers Heyl and Helford” 8 Jonathan Hulls’ Steamboat, 1737 16 de Son’s Underwater Boat, 1653 18 Fulton’s “Nautilus,” 1798 26 Manuscript page of “Drawings and Descriptions” with Fulton’s signature 54 Manuscript page from “Drawings and Descriptions” 56 Fulton’s Drawings of Submarine: Plate the First 60 Plate the Second 61 Plate the Third 62 Plate the Fourth 63 Plate the Fifth 64 Plate the Sixth 65 Plate the Seventh 66 Plate the Eighth 68 Plate the Ninth 70 Plate the Tenth 72 Plate the Eleventh 74 Plate the Twelfth 76 Compressed Air Cylinder 76 ROBERT FULTON AND THE SUBMARINE CHAPTER I FROM ART TO ENGINEERING