Robert Fulton and the SubmarineParsons, William Barclay
History
Robert Fulton and the Submarine
Parsons, William Barclay
Fulton, Robert, 1765-1815; Submarines (Ships)
Citizens, yesterday on my return from Brest I received your note, and
will with pleasure communicate to you the result of my experiments,
during the summer, also the mode which I conceive the most effectual
for using my invention against the enemy. Before I left Paris I
informed you that my plunging boat had many imperfections, natural to
the first machine of so difficult a combination, added to this I found
she had been much injured by the rust during the winter in consequence
of having in many places used Iron bolts and arbours instead of copper
or brass, the reperation of those defects and the difficulty of
finding workmen consumed near two months. And although the machine
remained still extremely imperfect yet she has answered to prove every
necessary experiment In the most satisfactory manner.
On the 3d of thermidor I commenced my experiments by plunging to the
depth of 5 then 10 then 15 and so on to 25 feet but not to a greater
depth than 25 feet as I did not conceive the Machine Sufficiently
Strong to bear the Pressure of a Greater column of water, At this
depth I remained one hour with my three companions and two candles
burning without experiancing the least inconvenience.
Previous to my leaving Paris I gave to the Cn. Gueyton member of the
Institute a calculation on the number of cube feet In my boat which is
about 212 in Such a Volume of Air he calculated there would be
sufficient Oxszine to nourish 4 Men and two small candles 3 hours.
Seeing that it would be of great Improvement to despence with the
candles I have constructed a Small window in the upper part of the
Boat near the bow which window Is only one inch and a half diameter
and of Glass 9 lines thick, with this prepared I descended on the 5th
of thermidor to the depth of between 24 and 25 feet at which depth I
had Suffecient light to count the minuets on the Watch, hence I
conclude that 3 or 4 Such windows arranged in different parts of the
boat would give suffecient light for any operation during the day each
window may be Guarded by a Valve in Such a manner that Should the
glass break the Valve would immediately Shut and Stop out the Water,
finding that I had air and light Suffecient and that I could Plunge
and Rise perpendicular with facility. On the 7th Ther^d I commenced
the experiments on her movements. At 10 in the Morning I raised her
anchor And hoisted her Sails which are the Mainsail and Gib the breeze
being light I could not at the Utmost make more than about two thirds
of a league per hour. I tacked and retacked tryed her before and by
the wind And in all these operations found her to Answer the helm And
Act like a common dul Sailing boat, After exersising thus About An
hour I lowered the mast and Sails and commenced the operation of
Plunging this required about two Minuets. I then placed two men at the
engine which gives the Rectileniar Motion, And one At the helm, while
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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