English drama -- Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500-1600; Greene, Robert, 1558-1592
To the second class of biographical materials belong Greene's own
prose works, the _Mourning Garment, Never too Late_, with the second
part, _Francesco's Fortunes_, the _Groatsworth of Wit_, all partly
autobiographical; and _The Repentance of Robert Greene_, confessedly
autobiographical, but, until lately, of questioned authenticity.
The biographical material in these works is ample, but its value
is discounted by certain considerations involved in the motives of
Greene's pamphlet composition. When Greene began to write, art was not
yet strong enough to command a popular hearing without the assistance
of a didactive motive. Adapting himself to the conditions with a tact
that made him the most broadly read writer of his time, Greene made
edification the end of his writing from the first. His second work to
be entered on the Stationers' Register, March 1581, had a distinct
moral purpose: "Youth, seeing all his ways so troublesome, abandoning
virtue and leaning to vice, recalleth his former follies with an inward
repentance." In choosing topics for popular pamphlets Greene tells
such a story as that derived from Ælian in _Planetomachia_ (1585),
or he tells over the story of the prodigal son as in the _Mourning
Garment_. And throughout his life moral purpose remained a factor in
his prose and drama. He turned from romances to the composition of the
conny-catching pamphlets, in the trust "that those discourses will do
great good, and be very beneficial to the commonwealth of England." _A
Looking-Glass for London and England_ is a pure moral interlude. Often
he moralises when it is unnecessary to do so, or when he has to change
his original to introduce a didactic motive. Even the Palmer who tells
the tale of _Never too Late_ is himself penitent for his past sins.
In _Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay_ the jolly friar of Brazen-nose is
made at the end to surrender his calling through motives of remorse
as far as possible from the spirit of his life, and _James IV._ ends
with a penitent sovereign begging forgiveness for his sins. These
facts show, if they show anything, that the motive of repentance was a
conventional thing with Greene, and that however faithful it may have
been to his own experience not the least advantage in its use lay in
its popularity. That it was a popular motive is shown by the vogue of
such books as Tarlton's _News out of Purgatory_ (1590), and by the fact
that T. Newman, in a dedication to _Greene's Vision_ (1592), asserts
that "many have published repentances in his name." That much of
Greene's autobiographical material is veracious we have corroborative
evidence to prove; we should, however, not be justified in accepting it
all without question. There is a bland shamelessness in the confession
of sins that is itself one of the best signs of health. When Greene
says, "I saw and practised such villainy as is abominable to declare,"
he is expressing in phrase strikingly similar to Hamlet's words to
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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