This bird, of which there are several kinds, all being about the size
of the swan, is found in almost every part of the globe. Its neck
somewhat resembles that of the swan, but its bill, and the pouch
beneath, render it entirely different from all other birds. This bill
is fifteen inches long, and at its lower edges hangs a bag, which, it
is said, will hold fifteen quarts of water. When this is not in use,
the bird wrinkles it up under his bill. The upper mandible is of a
dull yellow in the middle, with a reddish tinge towards the edges,
and a blood-red spot at the extremity. From this color of the bill,
resembling blood, arose the idea, formerly entertained, that the
bird fed its young with its blood. In disgorging the food, the full
pouch is pressed against the chest, and the red spot on the bill
comes against the delicate plumage of the breast, giving the bird an
appearance of tearing away its feathers and drawing own blood.
Some years ago, there were a male and female pelican in the menagerie
at the Tower of London. The female built herself a nest, in which she
laid three eggs. She then commenced sitting with the utmost patience,
never leaving her eggs for a moment. When the male was fed, following
the plan dictated by nature, even in confinement, he crammed his pouch
in the first place with double the portion of the food offered to
him, and then emptied half the quantity into the female’s pouch. This
process over, they disgorged and devoured their food at leisure.
In his natural state, the pelican is very inactive, sitting for hours
in the same posture. When he feels the calls of hunger, he raises
himself over the surface of the sea, and holding one eye downwards,
watches with keenness for the appearance of his finny prey. When a fish
approaches near the surface, he darts downwards with great swiftness,
and never fails in securing his prize. In this way, he continues his
labors, ascending and descending, putting one fish after another into
his pouch, until he has laid up enough for a meal. Being a large and
clumsy bird, he rises in the air with great difficulty; and we may
suppose that the long repose in which he indulges, and which has gained
him a sad character for indolence and inactivity, is really rendered
necessary by the toilsome nature of his fishing.
Pelicans are said sometimes to assemble in large numbers, and, rising
in the air, hover about in a circle, gradually drawing nearer and
nearer, thus driving the fish in the water beneath into a narrow space.
They then plunge into the water suddenly, pick up their victims with
great rapidity, and store them in their pouches. If this be true, it
is certainly a very judicious plan, adopted probably by the oldest and
most experienced fishermen among them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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